中国地质大学(武汉)环境化学11 Solid and Hazard waste内容资料.pptVIP

Managing Hazardous Waste: Disposal Deep well injection(深井灌注) 11% of hazardous waste in US Waste pumped beneath aquifer Planning, construction, operations Malfunctions(故障/出现的问题) Blow-outs(流出来) Rock slippage(岩层滑动) Groundwater contamination(地下水污染) Managing Hazardous Waste: Disposal Ocean dumping(海洋倾倒) Radioactive waste - until 1993 Sewage sludge Spoils from harbor/river dredging Hazardous waste 用于港口和航道清淤的工程 Managing Hazardous Waste: Disposal Radioactive waste disposal Low-level radioactive waste – not considered a serious threat; buried at 15 sites; monitoring High level radioactive waste – shipped to a site; sealed as waste undergoes radioactive decay (250,000 years for plutonium 239) Nuclear waste policy act – select first permanent safe disposal site: Yucca Mts, Nevada Location of low level radioactive waste disposal sites Managing Waste Disposal: Treatment Land application Biodegradable waste Half of US oily wastes Managing Hazardous Waste: Treatment Processing Physical and chemical processing Less hazardous Less waste Managing Hazardous Waste: Treatment Incineration Burning at high temperature – 900?C or more Breaks down waste to safe residues and smaller volumes Good for medical byproducts, not heavy metals Waste Reduction and Recycling Source reduction or minimization Recycling Energy savings Landfills Less air pollution Zero Waste /zerowaste/community/activist/citizens_agenda_4_zw.html Canberra, Australia – 300,000; 2010 40% of New Zealand – 2015 Seattle – 534,700; adopted in 1999 Santa Cruz – 230,000; adopted in 1999 Del Norte County – 32,000; adopted in 2000 China, ????? Chapter Eleven Solid and Hazardous Waste What was learned? We can’t throw away(丢弃) waste Waste does not stay put(原位不动) Prevention(预防) is cheaper than clean up Definition: Solid Waste Unwanted or discarded material that is not a liquid or gas Municipal solid waste is 506 billion pounds per year (Tyler 2003) – twice as much as 1970 Approx. 12 billion tons of solid waste Sources of Mu