M6U2语法.doc

PAGE PAGE 4 M6U2 Grammar Learning aim: In this period you will learn and master the usages of the infinitive, verbing-ing and verb-ed Part I Preview sheet Study the following sentences closely and fill in the blanks below: 【Examples】 1. a. I’m against inviting him to dinner. b. Being taken abroad is my dream. c. I can’t stand being laughed at by others. 2. a. They lived in the house facing south. b. The concert given by their friends was a success. c. When she appeared, John, wearing a dirty and worn-out overcoat, ran to her with joy. 3. a. Having seen the situation, a wealthy American businessman tried to improve the system. b. While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. c. Lost in deep thought, he didn’t realize that it was raining. 4. a. Without anyone noticing, he walked through the back door. b. Peter got his bad teeth pulled out in the nearby hospital. c. When I stood in the front of the classroom, I could feel my heart beating violently. 5. a. Not having studied his lessons very hard, he didn’t pass the examinations. b. His not having finished the work disappointed his parents. 6. a. Considering how poor he was, we decided to let him attend the concert for free. b. Tired of the same work day after day, he left the company on Tuesday. 【Conclusion】 一、分词的分类 分词可分为V-ing分词和V-ed分词，在句中可充当不同成分。 二、V-ing和V-ed分词的句法功能 1．V-ing可在句中作 _______（如例1b）和宾语（如例1a，1c）。 2．观察例2可知，V-ing和V-ed分词可在句中作定语。单个的V-ing和V-ed分词作定语一般放在所修饰词的前面，而V-ing和V-ed分词短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句，如例2b可改成_________________________________. 3．观察例3可知，V-ing和V-ed分词短语可在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步等，相当于相应的状语从句；当V-ing和V-ed分词短语在作时间状语时有时可用连词when，while引出。 4．观察例4可知，V-ing和V-ed分词短语可在句中作宾语补足语，V-ing分词表示宾语的一个正在进行的动作，V-ed分词表示宾语和宾语补足语存在被动关系，用于此结构的动词有with/without+宾语+宾语补足语；还有感官动词see, hear, feel, notice, find, watch, feel ,observe, look at, listen to等；使役动词have, get等和其他动词catch, leave等。 三、V-ing和V-ed分词的使用注意点 1．V-ing和V-ed分词短语的否定式通常是将否定词not置于之前——如果为完成式，则应将否定词置于having之前；如果为被动式，则应将否定词置于being之前，如例5。但当非谓语动词前带有逻辑主语时，否定句词习惯上是放在逻辑主语后，非谓语动词之前，