广西岩溶植被演替过程中主要生态因子的特征-生态学专业论文.docxVIP

PAGE PAGE 5 也在水化学中体现出来，随植被正向演替水中 pH 值与土壤 pH 值一样呈降低趋 势；植被正向演替使水中溶解的物质大大增加，便于植物对营养物质的利用，加 速了物质在不同圈层间的循环；植被改善使水的侵蚀能力增强，加速了成土作用。 土壤中岩石试片的溶蚀率随正向演替而增加，并与土壤 CO2、有机 C 和 N 含 量呈正相关，与 pH 值，Ca、Mg 含量呈负相关。演替进展还可促进土壤的潜蚀 作用。随植被的改善，群落产生了更多的有机物质，有机物的分解产生了更多的 CO2 和有机酸，降低了 pH 值，促进了 Ca、Mg 等物质的循环，改善了岩溶动力 条件，促进了岩溶区土壤的形成。 以上生态因子的变化是许多因素综合作用的结果，时间、气候、地质条件等 因素，都会引起生态因子错综复杂的变化，所以许多问题值得进一步深入探讨和 研究。但可以得出一个基本的结论：广西岩溶植被的退化和石漠化也引起其它生 态因子恶化，要从根本上改善岩溶生态环境，必须进行岩溶植被的恢复和重建， 这是岩溶生态系统良性循环的关键所在。 关键词： 广西 岩溶植被演替 土壤因子 小气候 岩溶水 岩溶动力条件 THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ECO-FACTORS UNDER DIFFERENT KARST VEGETATIONS IN THE PROCESS OF SUCCESSION ABSTRACT The deterioration of ecosystem in karst areas in Guangxi is very serious, which hinders local economic development and environmental improvement, and becomes one of key problems in the province. How to reconstruct the ecosystem is also one of the major projects in Guangxi today. It is necessary to understand the law and mechanism of the succession of karst vegetation. Moreover, we should study the eco-factors in different vegetations in the process of succession. It is available to look for the best way for the rehabilitation of vegetation in karst areas. So far, few studies on the eco-factors have been conducted from the perspective of vegetation succession. In this paper, the main types of karst vegetation in Guangxi, including that of tropical, south sub-tropical, and central sub-tropical are studied. Some characteristics of the major factors, including the soil, the microclimates, the karst water in karst springs and the karst dynamic conditions, are discussed. The research shows: soil organic C, total N and available N increase as succession proceeds, but the tendency is different with the depth. It is significant in layer A, slight in layer B and may even decrease in anaphase. While soil pH value, total K, and available K decrease, but no noticeable trend was found in the case of soil P and available P during the succession. Soil pH value can also increase when