关于进一步防治北京机动车污染的对策研究-情报学专业论文.docxVIP

I I 关于进一步防治北京机动车污染的对策研究 摘 要 论文系统地探讨了机动车污染危害和防治机制 深入分析了国外大城市机 动车污染状况和防治经验 全面研究和总结了北京市机动车污染状况和防治措 施 在此基础上找出了北京防治机动车污染工作中存在的问题和与国际先进城 市的差距 提出了防治机动车污染是一个系统工程 涉及到人 车 路 油 信息 政策和管理 7 大要素 要想根本解决机动车污染问题 必须系统地进行 综合治理 采取突破性配套措施的总体思路 必须采取机动车污染物总量控制 法 征收燃油环境税 驾驶员必须具备一定的机动车污染防治知识 建立机动 车污染信息管理系统等 11 条对策的创新性措施 为北京进一步防治机动车污染 提供了有一定参考价值的建议 关键字 北京 机动车污染 对策 II II Study on the Measures of Further Preventing the Vehicle Pollution in Beijing Abstract The thesis has systematically explored the damage from the vehicle pollution and the prevention mechanism in general, and then has deeply analyzed the vehicle pollution status and the prevention experience of some big cities abroad. After that, the vehicle pollution status and the prevention practices of Beijing have been fully studied and summarized. Based on the study, the problems and the gaps in Beijing prevention practices on the vehicle pollution have been identified and analyzed. The author considers the vehicle pollution prevention as a system engineering which deals with seven main elements, that is, human, vehicle, road, fuel, information, policy, and management. Therefore, in order to solve the problem thoroughly, innovative, comprehensive and systematic countermeasures should be adopted. At the end of the thesis, eleven countermeasures to prevent vehicle pollution have been put forward, which include controlling the total pollution load, imposing environment duties on fuel, regulating drivers and building the vehicle pollution information management system and so on. The study and the countermeasures will be valuable for Beijing to further prevent the vehicle pollution. Key words Beijing, vehicle pollution, countermeasure PAGE PAGE 1 引 言 汽车 作为现代文明的产物一经出现便得到了迅猛的发展 它给人们的生 活带来了便捷和舒适 也给我们赖以生存的环境带来了越来越严重的空气污染 据有关文献报道 发达国家城市空气中一氧化碳CO的 90来源于汽车的污 染排放[1] 在汽车密度大的国家和地区 汽车排放污染早已成为严重的社会公害 有些国家还发生过光化学污染事件 使众多的人受到了严重的伤害 甚至死亡 北京自改革开放以来 城市化速度加快 经济建设发展迅速 人民生活水平大 幅度提高 进入 20 世纪 90 年代以来 机动车保有量每年以高于 10%的速度增长 据统计 2002 年年底 机动车保有量达到了