海泡石对铅和镉的吸附研究-市政工程专业论文.docxVIP

IV IV 摘 要 本文研究的天然微孔材料——海泡石是一种纤维状的硅酸盐粘土矿物，因具有巨大的比 表面积和独特的孔结构而表现出良好的吸附性。通过实验研究了天然海泡石和热改性海泡石 对水中 Pb2+和 Cd2+的吸附性能，探讨了吸附剂用量、初始 pH、Pb2+和 Cd2+的初始浓度、吸 附时间等因素对吸附效果的影响，分析了两种吸附剂的吸附动力学、吸附等温式和吸附热力 学。 海泡石对 Pb2+和 Cd2+有较强的吸附能力，用马弗炉焙烧活化能改善海泡石的吸附性能， 提高其吸附能力。影响海泡石对 Pb2+和 Cd2+吸附的因素有吸附剂用量、初始 pH、Pb2+和 Cd2+ 溶液的初始浓度，温度和吸附时间。海泡石吸附 Pb2＋和 Cd2 的去除率随吸附剂用量、初始 pH、初始温度和吸附时间的增大而增大，随溶液初始浓度的增大而减小。两种吸附剂对 Pb2+ 和 Cd2+的吸附效果依次为热改性海泡石对 Pb2+和 Cd2+吸附的吸附能力天然海泡石对 Pb2+和 Cd2+的吸附能力。 两种吸附剂对 Pb2+和 Cd2+的吸附都比较快，前 5min 时的去除率和吸附量上升最快，90min 时吸附基本达到平衡，吸附动力学都符合 Lagergren 准二级反应模型。两种吸附剂对 Pb2+的 吸附等温式都符合 Langmuir 方程，对 Cd2+的吸附等温式符合 Langmuir 方程和 Freundlich 方 程。对海泡石吸附 Pb2+和 Cd2+的热力学分析表明：△H00，为吸热反应，高温有利于吸附 的进行；△G00，表明吸附过程均为自发过程；△S00，则说明吸附反应为熵值增大的过程。 海泡石对 Pb2＋的吸附既有物理吸附又有化学吸附；海泡石对 Cd2＋吸附为物理吸附。 关键词：海泡石；吸附；重金属；热改性 PAGE PAGE VI Study on the adsorption of sepiolite for lead and cadmium Abstract Natural pore material-sepiolite，a kind of clay mineral for fibrous silicate, was studied in the paper. The material shows better adsorption because of its giant relative surface and the unique holestructure. The adsorption capability of Pb2+ and Cd2+ by natural sepiolite and heated sepiolite was studied. The influence of the dosage of sorbent, initial pH, initial concentration of Pb2+ and Cd2+, and adsorption time on the adsorption effects were discussed, sorption kinetics. Sorption isotherms and chermodynamic on sorbent were analysed. Sepiolite has strong adsorbing capacity to Pb2+ and Cd2+. Adsorption capability was improved by heated sepiolite with muffle. There are several factors influencing the adsorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ by sepiolite including dosage of sorbent, initial pH, initial concentration of the Pb2+ and Cd2+, temperature and adsorption time. With the rising of dosage of sorbent, initial pH, temperature and adsorption time, the removal rate of Pb2+ and Cd2+ by sepiolite was increased and with the rising of initial concentration of the Pb2+ and Cd2+，the removal rate of Pb2+ and Cd2+ by sepiolite was reduced. The adsorbing eff