Endocrine-System内分泌系统Diabetes糖尿病英文.pptVIP

About Hormones These endocrine organs or tissues can secrete some substances which is called hormones, which get into the blood circulation and regulate the activities of the organs in the body. Classification of Hormone Protein and polypeptide(多肽) hormones(hormones secreted by pituitary （垂体） hypothalamus（下丘脑） and parathyroid（甲状旁腺）; insulin, glucagon（胰高血糖素） etc.) Amino acid（氨基酸） hormones （T3 T4 etc.） Amine（胺） hormones (NE,,DA,5-HT,melatonin褪黑素) Steroid （类固醇）hormones (adrenal cortex hormones; T, DHT, estrogen, Vit D3 etc.) Some Hormones Calcitonin 降钙素 Corticosteriod 皮质内固醇激素 Glucocorticoid 糖皮质激素 Cortisol 可的松 Mineralocorticoid 盐皮质激素 Aldosterone 醛固酮 Epinephrine 肾上腺素 Norepinephrine 去甲肾上腺素 Moradrenaline Estradiol 雌二醇 Progesterone 孕激素 Malatonin 褪黑激素 Mechanism of Hormones signal molecule（信号分子） act through extracellular surface receptor（细胞表面受体） or intracellular receptor（细胞内受体） to regulate body functions. Feedback Control of Hormones Secretion Pathology Hyperfunction of glands endocrine tumors\ectopic endocrine syndrome(异位内分泌综合征)\autoimmunity（自身免疫） Hypofunction of glands (endocrine disrupting（内分泌腺破坏）\ Endocrine gland hormone synthesis defect（内分泌腺激素合成缺陷）) The receptor lack sensitivity to hormones Diagnosis and Examinations Complete the function of endocrine system diseases diagnosis should include three aspects: Functional diagnosis 功能诊断 Pathological diagnosis 病理诊断 Etiological diagnosis 病因诊断 Functional diagnosis 1. Clinical Manifestation Typical signs and symptoms has important reference value to the diagnosis of endocrine disease. For example：amenorrhea,Oligomenorrhea, sexuality and sexual function change, Hair change, growth disorder or excessive, Weight loss or increase, headache, decreased visual acuity, the spirit of excitement or depression, weakness, skin pigment changes，purple lines, anemia, gastroin