句子成分学生版.docx

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT3 句子成分及基本句型 ※什么是句子？ 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？ ！ I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is ! 【句子成分】 定义：句子的组成部分叫做句子的成分。 分类：主要包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、同位语、状语等。 １．主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分．一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当．它的位置一般在句首． The girl is pretty. They are good friends. Reading is useful. To see is to believe. What I like is music. 2.谓语：谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词或者动词短语构成． They are teachers. She looks well. He studies hard. 3.表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面． I am a teacher. My job is to teach English. Seeing is believing. She is happy. Everybody is here. They are at home now. 4.宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后． I like watching TV. She likes to go to shop this afternoon. I think that he is good guy. She plays the piano. He often helps me. 5.宾语补足语 ※在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思．它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用． ※它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当． If you let me go, I’ll make you king. Leave the door open. We found John out when we arrived. Make yourself at home. I saw him enter the hall. The boss keeps them working all day. I heard my name called. 6.状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词．它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度．一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当． He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldn’t work it out. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi. He is writing with a pen. 7.定语用来修饰名词或代词．形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，从句都可以充当定语． The black bike is mine. What’s your name? A broken vase. I have 5 books. A sleeping boy. They made paper flowers. The boy in the room is Jack. I have something to do. It is a swimming pool. 【常见句型结构】 ※基本句型 一： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表） Ｓ │Ｖ（是系动词）│ Ｐ 1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner │smells │good. 系动词词义不完整，在句中不能单独使用（除省略句外），后面必须接有表语，系动词和表语一起构成合成谓语。 一、系动词的分类： 　　 常见的系动词大致可分为三类。 　　 第一类：表示特征或状态的，有be， look， feel， seem， appear， smell， taste， sound， turn out（结果是