北大神经生物学课件7-1神经系统对运动的调节.pptVIP

Central Nervous System Control of Movement;Introduction;How does a coordinated movement achieved ?;;The highest level－ strategy Represented by the association areas of neocortex and basal ganglia of the forebrain Is concerned with strategy: The goal of the movement and the movement strategy that best achieves the goal;The middle level－tactics Represented by the motor cortex and cerebellum Is concerned with tactics The sequences of muscle contractions Arranged in space and time Required to smoothly and accurately achieve the strategic goal;The lowest level－ execution Represented by the brain stem and spinal cord Is concerned with execution Action of the motor neuron and interneuron pools that generate the goal-directed movement and make any necessary adjustments of posture;Overview;;Sensorimotor cortex;Part 1 Spinal Control of Movement;Introduction;Spinal circuitry control of movement;Spinal motor neurons ;The Lower Motor Neurons－ Alpha motor neurons;The motor unit is an alpha motor neuron and all of the muscle;Muscle innervation by lower motor neurons;The cervical enlargement of the spinal cord contains the motor neurons that innervate the arm musclesThe lumbar enlargement contains neurons that innervate the muscles of the leg支配上肢的神经元集群位于颈膨大处，支配下肢的则在腰膨大处;Motor neurons controlling flexors lie dorsal to those controlling extensors Motor neurons controlling axial muscles lie medial to those controlling distal muscles 支配躯干部肌肉的神经元位于脊髓前角灰质最内侧，由此向外排列的神经元则支配肢体由近及远分布的肌肉;Muscle weakness and paralysis－所支配的骨骼肌瘫痪、肌张力下降、腱反射消失(软瘫) 肌萎缩、纤维颤动或肌束颤动 见于如肌萎缩侧索硬化症(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS)：Selective damage to alpha motor neurons(degeneration)－脊髓?-运动神经元的进行性溃变为主;Lou Gehrig Farewell Speech:;;SPINAL CONTROL OF MOTOR UNITS;Reflex;The myotatic reflex (stretch reflex);+;B. Muscle tonus; Muscle spindles: Consists of specialized skeletal muscle fibers In this middle region, group Ia sensory axons wrap around the muscle fibers of the spindle The spindles and their asso