毕业论文-超声波测距器的设计.doc

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北京林业大学本科毕业设计(论文) PAGE IV 超声波测距器的设计 摘要 本设计主要介绍了基于51单片机设计的超声波测距器的工作原理:由STC89C51单片机控制定时器产生超声波脉冲,在发射的同时计数器开始计时,超声波在空气中传播,途中碰到障碍物阻挡就立即反射回来,超声波接收器收到反射回的超声波就停止计时。根据计时器记录的时间t,就可以计算出发射点距障碍物面的距离s,最终测量出物体与仪器的距离。 测距器的组成包括超声波发射器、接收器、单片机电路、控制电路、温度补偿电路以及显示屏,测量范围为0.01-0.40m,测量精度为0.01m。整个设计的控制核心是单片机SCT89C51,需要综合处理接收到的探头信号、时间信号、温度信号以及传输最终结果到显示屏上。由于测量的地点和时间不同,声速在不同的温度环境中有不同的传播速率,在精度要求较高的情况下,需要加入温度补偿电路,从而达到预计的测量精度,提高测量质量。实现后的测量仪器轻便易携,测量精确,可以适用于各种测量场合。 关键词:超声波,测距,STC89C51,温度补偿 Design of ultrasonic distance measurement Electronic Information Science and Technology 11-1 Wu Yu Supervisor Shan Hong Abstract This design mainly introduces the working principle of 51 single-chip design of ultrasonic range finder based on: by MCU STC89C51 control timer to produce the ultrasonic wave pulse, emission and the counter in the start time, the spread of ultrasound in the air, on the way encountered obstacles surface barrier set that is reflected back, ultrasonic receiver receive ultrasonic waves reflected back to immediately stop the clock. According to the timer records the time t can be calculated the launch obstacles in the pitch plane distance s, and the final measurement of the distance between objects and instruments. The components of the range finder include ultrasonic transmitter, receiver, MCU circuit, control circuit, temperature compensated circuit and display screen. The measurement range is 0.01-0.40m, and the measurement accuracy is 0.01M. The core of the design is SCM SCT89C51, the need to deal with the received signal, the time signal, the temperature signal and the transmission end result to the screen.. Due to the different location and time of measurement, sound velocity in different temperature environments have different propagation rate, under the high precision and need to join the temperature compensation circuit, so as to achieve the expected accuracy, improve the quality of the measurement. The portable measuring instrument is portable and can be applied to all kinds of me

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