记名提单的法律问题研究-国际法学专业论文.docxVIP

Y Y 1008305 摘要 记名提单，是指提单正面“收货人”一栏内载明特定的入的提单。由于大 多数国家的法律规定它不可转让，因而它在国际贸易中使用场合有限，它的法律 地位也远不及可转让提单。因此，它历来不为立法者、海商法研究者和航运实务 者重视。但是近年来，随着与之相关的纠纷和争议日益增多，记名提单逐渐引起 人们的注意，劳氏报告也公布了几起颇具争议的案件。为此，笔者觉得有必要对 记名提单做系统的研究。 具体说来，本文主要讨论了记名提单的转让性、记名提单是不是物权凭证、 记名提单下承运人是否应凭单放货以及记名提单下承运人无单放货的法律适用 等几个问题。对于这些问题，各国有着不同的法律规定和实践做法。因此本文运 用比较法学的研究方法，结合各国的法律规定和司法实践展开论述。 本文首先简要介绍了记名提单的概念和各国的相关法律规定，随后探讨了 提单转让的概念，并对记名提单转让的各国法律规定进行比较，在此基础上，研 究了记名提单与物权凭证的关系。本文认为提单作为物权凭证的功能与其可转让 性并没有必然的联系。不能因为记名提单不具有转让性而得出其不是物权凭证的 结论。 记名提单下承运人是否应凭单放货?对于这个问题，当前存在很大争议， 它也是我国法学理论和司法实践中的热门话题。因此本文将其作为另一重点予以 探讨。根据记名提单的属性，在比较各国司法实践后，本文赞成记名提单下承运 人仍须凭单放货的观点。 最后，通过对无单放货纠纷的定性(或称识别)分析，笔者认为记名提单下 承运人无单放货纠纷所适用的法律应根据诉因(是侵权还是连约)来确定相应的 冲突规范，进而确定审理案件的准据法。同时，本文就如何防范使用记名提单所 产生的风险也给出了几点建议。 关键词：提单，记名提单，提单转让，物权凭证，凭单放货 ABSTRACTA ABSTRACT A straight bill of lading．refers to a bⅢof lading which is filled with a named consignee only in the“consignee box．It is not transferable or not negotiable by taw in many countries。Because of this，it is rarely used in international trades．So its influence is much less than that of a negotiable bill of lading．and it has been ignored by legislations．textbooks and practices for a long time． Recently since more and more issues and argument concerning it come out， people have to pay more attention to it and several controversial cases have been reported in Lloyd’S Reports．Due to these．the author realizes that it is necessary to do some research work on it in a systematic way． The article focuses on the foIlowing issues：the transferability of straight b¨l of lading．whether straight bill of lading is document of title。whether carriers must deliver cargo against surrendering original straight bill of Jading and applicable law of case with respect to the delivery of cargo not against surrendering straight bill of lading．These issues are addressed in different ways in different countries，whether by law or by practices，So the article describes these issues according to many countries’laws and practices by comparison． Firs