机车车辆结构强度幻灯片-第四章-应变疲劳.pptVIP

第四章 应变疲劳;应变疲劳或低周应变疲劳: 载荷水平高 (??ys超过屈服应力)，寿命短 (N＜104)。;When load levels are low, stress and strain are linearly related. Consequently, in this range, load-controlled and strain-controlled tested results are equivalent. At high load levels, in the low cycle fatigue region, the cyclic stress-strain response and the material behavior are best modeled under strain-controlled conditions.;Although most engineering structures and components are designed such that the nominal loads remain elastic, stress concentration may cause plastic strain to develop in the vicinity of notches.;The strain-life method assume that smooth specimen tested under strain control can simulate fatigue damage at the notch root of an engineering component. Equivalent fatigue damage (and fatigue life) is assumed to occur in the material at the notch root and in the smooth specimen when both are subjected to identical stress-strain histories.;单调应力-应变关系;4.1 单调应力-应变响应 monotonic stress-strain response;P;e是小量，展开得：?=ln(1+e)=e-e2/2+e3/3-…＜e, 真应变?比工程应变e小，相对误差为： (e-?)/e=e/2。; K为强度系数，应力量纲(MPa); n为应变硬化指数，无量纲。 n=0，理想塑性材料。;4.2 滞后环和循环应力-应变响应;循环次数N?，应力幅?a?，循环硬化；反之，为循环软化。;2. 循环?a-?a曲线;Cyclic stress-strain curve may be obtained from tests by using the samples method, in which a series of specimen are tested at various strain levels until the hysteresis loops become stabilized, than the stable hysteresis loops are superimposed and the tips of the loops are connected as shown in figure. ;Ds;加载ABD, 卸、加载曲线ABCB’D。;已知e1，用数值方法可解出s1。 ;反映加载路径的是Ds-De曲线， 即： ;4-5 加载。已知De4-5 , 求Ds4-5， 得到：?5=?4+??4-5 ; s5=s4+Ds4-5。 5-6 卸载。已知De5-6 , 求Ds5-6。进而求得 ?6、 s6。 6-7 加载。已知De6-7 , 求Ds6-7。进而求得 ?7、 s7。 7-8 卸载。已知De7-8 ,求Ds7-8。可得：?8、s8。;结果与雨流计数法一致。;4) 依据计算数据(?I ,si ), 画出s-?响应曲线。;例4.1 变幅应变谱如图。已知 E=2.1×105MPa, K=1220MPa, n=0.2, 试计算其循环响应。;可先用雨流法找出封闭环1-4-1,2-3-2,5-6-5，封闭环不影响其后的s-?响应。;3) 材料的循环性能： 循环应力应变曲线 滞后环曲线;4) 变幅循环下的应力-应变计算方法：;4.4 应变疲劳性能;?f’ - 疲劳强度系数，应力量纲； b - 疲劳强度指