单片机控制步进电机的调速控制系统毕业论文.doc

PAGE 天津职业技术师范大学 Tianjin University of Technology and Education 毕 业 设 计 专 业：电子科学与技术 班级学号：电科0703 - 25 二○一一 年 六 月  天津职业技术师范大学本科生毕业设计 单片机控制步进电机的调速控制系统 Microcontroller control stepping motor speed control system 专业班级：电科0703 2011年6月 PAGE I 摘 要 步进电动机是一种将脉冲信号变换成相应的角位移(或线位移)的电磁装置，是一种特殊的电动机。电机的转速、停止的位置只取决于脉冲信号的频率和脉冲数，而不受负载变化的影响，这样就可以通过控制步进电机的一个脉冲到下一个脉冲的时间间隔来改变脉冲的频率，延时的长短来具体控制步进角来改变电机的转速，从而实现步进电机的调速。步进电机机由于其精确性以及其良好的性能在实际当中得到了广泛的应用。该文介绍了以STC系列单片机12C5A48S2型为控制核心所设计的步进电机（型号20BY20H04）控制系统，从系统的硬件电路以及软件程序的设计方面实现了对步进电机的控制。并且由光电开关采集转速数据进而由按键进行速度的控制，经过实际应用电路证明，该控制系统的随动性能好，抗干扰能力强，稳定性好。 关键词：单片机；步进电机；光电开关；调速系统 ABSTRACT Stepping motors is a pulse signal transformation into a corresponding angular displacement (or line displacement) electromagnetic device, is a special kind of motor. Motor speed, stop position only depend on the pulse signal frequency and pulse count, and not under the influence of load changes, so that they can through controlling the step motor a pulse to the next pulse interval to change pulse frequency, the length of the specific control delay to step Angle to change the motor speed, so as to realiz. Monolithic because its accuracy and its good performance in practice been widely used. This paper introduces the 12C5A48S2 series by STC type as control core designed by stepping motor (model 20BY20H04) control system, the hardware circuit and from the system software design realize the stepping motor control. And by photoelectric switch acquisition speed data and then about speed control, by practical application circuit proof, this control system with dynamic performance is good, strong anti-jamming capability, good stability. Key Words：Microcontroller; Stepping motor; photoelectric switch; Speed regulation system 目 录 MACROBUTTON InsertCrossReference TOC \o 1-3 \h \z \u HYPERLINK \l _Toc294460045 1 引言 PAGEREF _Toc294460045 \h 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc294460046 2 步进电机概述 PAGEREF _Toc294460046 \h 3 HYPERLINK \l _Toc294460047 2.1 步进电机的特点 PAGEREF _Toc29446004