科学研究方法与论文写作5.pptVIP

Scientific Methodology Scientific Paper Writing科学研究方法与论文写作 The Department of Ecology Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University Bao-Rong Lu 五、科学研究(项目)设计 How to design a research experiment? Write down a well-planned research proposal with: Title of the experiment Rational Objectives (references) Main research contents activities (Core) Technical details (Core) Time frame (deadlines) Expected outputs Budget How to design a research EXPERIMENT? Factors to consider when design an experiment: Scientific questions hypothesis tested Experimental conditions: sites, climate, distance... Experimental materials Experimental layout Lab facilities Data collection analysis Examples: (project title) 亚洲含SY基因组披碱草属植物地理分化的分子生物学基础 水稻转基因逃逸及其生态风险的生物学基础 Predicting the environmental impact of transgenic outcrossing to wild weedy soybeans in China 通过染色体加倍创造多倍体花卉新品种 2. Rational Objectives What is the scientific problem (its global status) ? What is the meaning to address such a problem ? What have been solved what are the remaining ? What is hypothesis regarding the problem ? What are objectives of the project What will be carried out ? 3. Research content activities State what will be investigated in the project (or planned research) Relating research contents to objectives Whether the study will answer the scientific questions ? Whether the study can test the hypothesis ? Arrange activities in a logic way 研究内容：（实例） 建立花粉介导的水稻转基因逃逸预测模型 构建抗虫（Bt和CpTI）和抗除草剂（EPSPS）转基因水稻与野生稻/杂草稻的杂交及自交、回交后代试验群体 检测转基因在杂种和不同世代群体中的表达水平和遗传规律 分析转基因在特定选择压力下对野生稻/杂草稻适合度的影响 分析含转基因的野生稻个体在群体中的生存、竞争能力、扩散过程及其进化潜力 4. Selecting EXPERIMENTAL SITES Be typical Representative, able to answer the questions Consider climate influences Consider human animal influences Avoid too large differences / heterogeneous within the sites 5. Collecting research MATERIALS Sufficient amount to address the questions (statistical power) Consider sampling strategy (random vs. structured) Living fresh materials Replicates 6