分译法与合译法.ppt

翻译理论与实践 英译汉常用的方法和技巧:(8) 分译法(Division) 合译法(Combination) 试译以下句子: 1. He, not surprisingly, did not come at all. 2. He is honest. He is straightforward. 3. About one hundred elements, two thirds of which are metals, have been found. 4. He did not remember his father, who died when he was only three years old. 5. I’m not the first person who has made mistakes. 6. Is there any problem I mentioned that you don’t understand? 1. He, not surprisingly, did not come at all. 他根本就没来，这在预料之中。 2. He is honest. He is straightforward. 他为人纯朴而坦诚。 3. About one hundred elements, two thirds of which are metals, have been found. 已经发现100种元素，其中三分之二是金属。 4. He did not remember his father, who died when he was only three years old. 他三岁时父亲就去世了，因此，他不记得父亲。 5. I’m not the first person who has made mistakes. 犯错误的人多的是，我又不是头一个！ 6. Is there any problem I mentioned that you don’t understand? 我提到的问题中，你们还有没有不懂的？ 分译法与合译法 英语重形合，而汉语则重意合，这种截然不同的外在表现形式要求我们在英汉翻译时要谨记这种差异，化繁为简，化长为短，化整为零。 一般说来，英语长句比较多，汉语句子一般比较短。 因此，在很多情况下，原封不动地对原文中的长句进行汉译，往往会使译文读者感到费解。 分译法与合译法 分/拆译法(Division)：为了符合汉语表达习惯, 也为了更清楚地表达原文意思，在翻译时可以改变原文结构，把原文的某个成分从原来的结构中分离出来，译成一个独立成分、从句或并列分句。 此处所谓的句子不在于结尾处用句号，而在于有无主谓结构。 分译法与合译法 英语长句不限于并列句和复合句，简单句有时也很长。它的一个重要特点便是修饰语较长。 英语长句的翻译通常采用分译法分译成几个短句，这是因为英语长句用得较多,相对而言汉语中用得较少；其次因为英语的后置修饰语有时很长，而汉语的修饰语一般前置，不宜过长。 分译法与合译法 英语长句需要拆句，因为英语的长句结构复杂，给理解和表达带来困难。然而，为了修辞效果, 表达习惯等的需要，有时对英语的短句也用拆译法，拆成更短的句子。例: That guy was the most identifiable fox. 那个人十分狡猾，大家可以非常容易地看出来。 I’m not the first person who has made mistakes. 我不是第一个犯错误的人。 犯错误的人多的是，我又不是头一个！ 分译法与合译法 含定语从句的句子：除少数情况外，这类从句都是长句。在英译汉时，如能将定语从句译成前置定语，则尽量避免其他译法；如译成前置定语不合适，一般分译成一个独立的句子或另一种从句，如状语从句等。 例: “Well, there is never anything happened in my family I’m ashamed of.” “嘿，我家可从来没出现过见不得人的事。” 分译法与合译法 再如: I’m going to see my grandmother, who was ill in bed, to take her some fresh-baked that my mother has made for her. 我去看病在床上的祖母, 给她带些妈妈刚烤好的蛋糕。 Mechanical energy can be changed into electrical energy, which in turn can be changed into mechanical energy. 机械能可转变为