北京大学计算概论课件第十三讲 字符串.pptVIP

Lesson 13 String Fundaments Outline: Multidimensional arrays (cont.) Sort From array of characters to String String-handling library Case Study: Input Data Validation: isanum() Character and Word Counting #define NUMROWS 3 #define NUMCOLS 4 int val[NUMROWS][NUMCOLS] Element direct access by offset Pass multi-dimensional array as parameter Case study: #define NUMSTD 123 #define NUMCOR 4 int score[NUMSTD][NUMCOR]; Two functions: 1. Find and return the maximum average score. 2. Find and return the average score and standard deviation for each course Program design Selection sort, Sorting by selection At every pass, select the item of the smallest value in the unsorted sequence, exchange it with the 1st position unsorted, and then mark it sorted Selection sort example Index A[0] A[1] A[2] A[3] A[4] A[5] Original 34 8 64 51 32 21 after pass 1 8 34 64 51 32 21 afetr pass 2 8 21 64 51 32 34 after pass 3 8 21 32 51 64 34 afetr pass 4 8 21 32 34 64 51 after pass 5 8 21 32 34 51 64 Sorted 8 21 32 34 51 64 selection sort Bubble Sort Sorting by exchange compare all the adjacent pairs, exchange them if they are out of order Items with large keys tend to move to right; the largest key will “bubble up” to last Bubble sort example Index A[0] A[1] A[2] A[3] A[4] A[5] Original 14 18 11 8 56 34 after pass 1 14 11 8 18 34 56 afetr pass 2 11 8 14 18 34 56 after pass 3 8 11 14 18 34 56 afetr pass 4 8 11 14 18 34 56 after pass 5 8 11 14 18 34 56 Sorted 8 11 14 18 34 56 Bubble sort String —— sequence of chars end with ‘\0’ String in written form: Good Morning! Also called: string constant, string value, string String —— in array of char Can be stored in an array of characters terminated by an end-of-string character NULL (\0) starting from the beginning of the array end up with the first ‘\0’ String —— operation gets(); puts(); String operation—— use string.h