滞期费相关问题研究硕士学位论文.doc

PAGE PAGE II 摘 要 滞期费的法律纠纷是航次租船合同纠纷中最常见的一类。本文着眼于滞期费法律纠纷所涉及的滞期费的定义、法律性质、计算、支付、索赔时效五个重要方面，结合英国典型判例和我国案例，深入研究航次租船合同中滞期费法律问题并提出对相关问题的看法和建议。 本文除引言和结论外，共分为五章。 是滞期费的定义及法律性质。滞期费是承租人无论什么原因，对不履行在约定装卸时间内装货、卸货的违约行为负责而向船东支付的一笔款项，除非在合同中有免责条款或者是由船东造成的，或者是因为他对其负责的人造成的。滞期费属于约定损害赔偿。 是滞期费与滞期损失的异同。从内涵、法律性质、产生原因、举证内容四个方面，具体解释滞期费与滞期损失的不同之处。 是滞期费的计算。笔者认为滞期费计算的开始在大多数情况下为固定装卸时间届满之时，滞期费计算的终结通常是在装卸作业完毕时，但如果出现违约被接受而造成整个合同受阻中断，也会导致滞期费计算的终结。 是滞期费的支付。滞期费的支付主体主要包括承租人、托运人、收货人，但也存在不确定性，笔者建议应重视对并入条款的正确理解和把握，关键是措辞明确；滞期费的支付时间，如有约定从约定，没有约定则在合理时间内支付。通过留置货物以索赔滞期费时，要注意行使留置权的时间和方式，笔者建议船东应在货物完全卸下船后，将货物运抵码头或仓库时，先不办理交付手续，同时立即申请法院扣押货物。 是滞期费的索赔时效。根据我国《海商法》，船东或者承运人向承租人或收货人或托运人索赔滞期费时效为两年；在我国约定时效条款是无效的，延长时效也是不允许的；国际公约的趋势是在遵守法定时效规定的基础上，允许当事人约定或声明延长。笔者建议，船东应在时效届满前提出索赔通知，提交准确和完整的有关支持文件，对已提交的支持文件作适当修改是允许的。 关键词：滞期费，滞期损失，装卸时间，索赔时效 ABSTRACT Demurrage legal dispute is one of the most frequent occurrences in disputes of voyage charterparty. This article focuses on the five important aspects of demurrage legal dispute, which involved in the definition of demurrage, legal nature, calculation, payment, limitation of claim. Combining the typical judicial precedents of United Kingdom and cases of China, deeply study demurrage legal issues in voyage charterparty and raise opinions and suggestions related to this issues. Besides the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into five chapters. Chapter one: Definition and legal nature of demurrage. Demurrage is a sum of money, which is paid to the shipowner by charterer who is responsible for the breach that do not perform at the agreed laytime of loading, discharging for whatever reason, unless there are exemption clauses in the charterparty or is caused by the fault of shipowner, or caused by those for whom he is responsible. Demurrage is liquidated damages. Chapter two: the differences between demurrage and damage for detention. From four aspects that are definition, the legal nature, causes, elements of proof, specifically explain the differences btween demurr