步进电动机_毕业设计.doc

- PAGE III- 步进电动机 Abstract The open-loop system which is composed by step-motor is simple, cheap and very practical, so there are very wide range of applications in printers and other office automation equipment and various control devices, and many other fields. This article describes one design of step-motor system based on microcontroller.The program of the preparation of a motor , reverse, speed up, slow down, stop is written by compile language. The above functions are realized through the microcontroller, motor driver chip ULN2004 and correspond key , and the work state of stepper motor is diaplayed through the light-emitting diode. This article introduces the principle of stepper motor and single-chip microcomputer, the system hardware circuit, the program components, while software and hardware for the debugging, at the same time introduces the problems which are appeared in the debugging process and the solutions of the problems . The design has the advantages of clear , high reliability, strong stability, etc.,and the above-mentioned functions are realized through the debugging. Keywords：Stepper motor; Pulse-width modulated; driving mechanism; single chip; rotation 目 录 TOC \o 1-3 \h \z \u 摘 要 I Abstract II 第1章 绪 论 1 1.1 课题研究的目的和意义 1 1.2 国内外研究概况 1 1.3 论文的主要研究内容 1 第2章 步进电机与单片机简介 2 2.1 步进电机介绍 2 2.1.1 步进电机概述 2 2.1.2 步进电机的工作原理 3 2.1.3 步进电机的分类与选择 4 2.2 步进电机驱动系统介绍 5 2.2.1 步进电机驱动系统简介 5 2.2.2 步进电机绕组的电气特性 6 2.3 单片机原理 6 2.3.1 单片机原理概述 6 2.3.2 单片机的应用系统 7 2.3.3 AT89C51简介 7 第3章 系统整体硬件结构 11 3.1 系统整图 11 3.2 电源部分 12 3.3 按键部分 12 3.4 驱动部分 13 3.5 状态指示部分 14 3.6 时钟部分 14 第4章 系统软件设计 15 4.1 系统开发软硬件环境 15 4.2 系统主程序 15 4.3 查键部分 15 4.4 前进部分 16 4.5 后退部分 16 4.6 加速部分 18 4.7 减速部分 18 第5章 系统的调试与检测 19 5.1 程序编译时的错误与解决方法 19 5.2 LM7812输出电压错误与解决方法 19 5.3 步进电机转动错误及解决方法 19 结 论 20 致 谢 21 参考文献 22 附录A 23 附录B 27 第1章 绪 论 1.1 课题研究的目的和意义 步进电动机是用电脉冲信号进行控制，将电脉冲信号转换成相