半导体低维物理讲义之八.pptVIP

* The Basic Time Constants With a short laser pulse an electronic excitation is created, here excitons in the continuous states. The polarization, P, produced by the incident electromagnetic field of this pulse is initially in phase with this field, i.e. the two waves are coherent. The first scattering processes which occur destroy this coherence. The characteristic time in which the fraction of the polarization that is still in phase with the exciting pulse decay to e-1 is called the phase-relaxation time. For the part of the polarization Wave which is still coherent with the exciting pulse we can write , to a first approximation Bloch Oscillation The motion of a wave packet centered around k in a periodic lattice under the influence of an external force F, e.g., an electric field, neglecting for the moment all scattering processes: Under the above conditions, the electron will perform a periodic orbit in k space in the direction of E. The duration of one orbit in k-space and the frequency are given by This periodic motion in k-space is necessarily connected with a periodic motion in real space in the direction of E with an amplitude where B is the width of the band. The periodic motions in real and In momentum space are known as Bloch oscillation. Actually, the carriers in bulk semiconductors have no chance to complete such an orbit because the decoherence time T2 is too short. Condition for the observation of Bloch oscillation: One would need with dc field in excess of 107 V/m which would result in rapid destruction of the sample. Since the lattice constant a of all semiconductors is comparable to the atomic diameters of the order of 0.5 nm, only the use of man-made artificial superlattices can help. With periods d around 10 nm, we can expect a reduction of the field strength by more than an order of magnitude. 德布罗意波及其与能量德关系 各种长度范围 各种低维结构及其状态密度 量子点的各种制备方法 利用刻蚀方法制备的量子点结构 利用刻蚀方法制备量子点的步骤 采用自组装制备的量子点及其尺寸分布 外延生长的几种主要模式；自组装量子点中的应力分布 自组装量子点的形貌及其荧光谱 高指数面上