论波伏瓦女性主义思想中的自由观念文艺学专业论文.docxVIP

I I 摘 要 摘 要 西蒙娜·德·波伏瓦是一个传奇性的人物，她是二十世纪法国著名的文学家、思想 家和女性主义者。波伏瓦通过自己的亲身经历逐渐意识到女性是不自由的，女性是生存 在男性的庇护和阴影之下的。她借鉴了萨特等人关于自由的观点，人的存在是绝对自由 的，人之所以不自由是因为处境的限制，女人是在男权制的世界里被确立的，“女人不 是天生的，是逐渐形成的”，女人在父权制的统治下一直处于他者的地位，他者的处境 也是造成女性不自由的主要原因。波伏瓦在《第二性》中论述了女人是如何沦为他者的， 生理处境使得女性具有成为他者的可能性，男权制的统治使得女性的他者地位成为必 然。在男性看来，女性是不具备自己的超越性的，女性只是自在存在，只有男性才是自 为存在的，男性存在的本身就是自由的。男性就是超越性的化身，他们更具计划性和创 造性，他们创造世界的同时也实现了自身。女性的他者处境促使我们探索自由和解放的 道路，波伏瓦用自己的实际行动来验证自己的理论。波伏瓦分析了女性他者的生存处境， 她意识到经济和精神的独立对于女性的重要性，主体性的明确和确立才能摆脱对男人的 依附，才能逐渐从“女性气质”中解脱出来，实现自身的超越性。 关键词 波伏瓦 自由 处境 他者 超越 II II Abstract Abstract Simone de Beauvoir is a legendary figure, famous as a French writer, thinker and feminist in the 20th century. Through her personal experience, Beauvoir gradually realized that women are not free, for they live in the shelter and shadow of men. She borrowed from Sartre some worthwhile ideas about freedom that human existence is absolute free, and if there are all sorts of limited conditions, people are not free. Women’s social status is constructed by fatherhood culture. “One is not born, but, rather becomes a woman.” Beauvoir argued that men had made women the Other in society, and this mainly contributes to women’s unfreedom. In the Second Sex, Beauvoir expounds how women become the “other”. Physiological situation makes it possible and patriarchy makes it inevitable. In man’s view, women dont possess their own transcendence. Women belong to comfortable existence, while only men’s existence is productive. Man is the embodiment of transcendence. They are more adept in planning and creating; they create the world and succeed in the world at the same time. Women’s such condition urges us to explore the road of freedom and liberation, Beauvoir acts to test and verify her theory. Based on the analysis of the womens “the other situation”, she realized the importance of the economic and spiritual independence for women and the establishment of subjectivity can get rid of attachment to men. Keywords Beauvoir Freedom Situation the