自考现代英语语法学习笔记状语Adverbials.docxVIP

第十三章 状语 Adverbials 13.0 Introduction 1. 形式：状语可以是副词形容词名词，介词词组，副词词组，形容词名词词组，分句等。 2. 位置：可在句首，句中和句末。 3. 语法结构：1）结合性状语（integrated)。2）分离性状语(peripheral)。 判断方法：把整句带入:“It’s true that…“ 里可以明显看出。 E.g.: John drove slowly. -- it’s true that John drove slowly. (integrated，adjuncts ) Fortunately, he came back just in time. --Fortunately, It’s true that he came back just in time. (Peripheral, disjuncts ) However, it was a good meeting. -- However, it’s true that it was a good meeting. (Peripheral, conjuncts) * Adjuncts: 修饰性状语，主要修饰动词 * Disjuncts: 评注性状语， 对分句内容的评价。 * Conjuncts: 连接性状语， 逻辑粘合剂，把新句子加入文章中。 Integrated adverbial（结合性状语） Adjuncts修饰性状语 Adverbials 状语 Disjuncts: 评注性状语 Peripheral adverbial (分离性状语) Conjuncts: 连接性状语 13.1 Adjuncts 修饰性状语 分时间状语(Time Adjuncts)，地点状语(Place Adjuncts)，过程状语(Process Adjuncts)，因果状语(Contingency Adjuncts)。 13.1.1时间状语 Time Adjuncts a. Types of Time Adjuncts When-Adjuncts(何时状语) Duration-Adjuncts(持续状语) Frequency-Adjuncts(频度状语) We are going to the theatre tomorrow. (When adjuncts) They have lived here for 20 years.( Duration-Adjuncts) She sees the doctor twice a month.( Frequency-Adjuncts) When-Adjuncts(何时状语) 可被When-question提问。（when are you going to the theater?） 特指的时间点或者时间段。（they arrived at 10 o’clock. / The war started on May 4,1952） 非特指的时间点或者时间段，在交谈中默认的时间。(they’ll be back soon. / See you later.) 常以分句形式出现。被以下连词连接： after, as, before, once, since, till, until, when, whenever, while, now, as long as, as soon as… I will call you as soon as I hear the news. 或者被名词从句作为连词链接。The moment, the minute, the instant, the first time, the next time… He went to bed the moment he finished his homework. -- No sooner…than, Hardly 表示一件事接着另一件，第一个从句要用过去完成时，如果放在句首则要倒装. He had no sooner asked the question than the answer came to him. No sooner had he asked the question than the answer came to him. Dura