第16章讲义+均衡.ppt

Tax Incidence and Own-Price Elasticities Around p = p* the own-price elasticityof supply is approximately Quantity Taxes Market Equilibrium p D(p), S(p) Marketdemand Marketsupply p* q* No tax Quantity Taxes Market Equilibrium p D(p), S(p) Marketdemand Marketsupply p* q* $t An excise tax raises the marketsupply curve by $t Quantity Taxes Market Equilibrium p D(p), S(p) Marketdemand Marketsupply p* q* An excise tax raises the marketsupply curve by $t,raises the buyers’price and lowers thequantity traded. $t pb qt Quantity Taxes Market Equilibrium p D(p), S(p) Marketdemand Marketsupply p* q* An excise tax raises the marketsupply curve by $t,raises the buyers’price and lowers thequantity traded. $t pb qt And sellers receive only ps = pb - t. ps Quantity Taxes Market Equilibrium p D(p), S(p) Marketdemand Marketsupply p* q* No tax Quantity Taxes Market Equilibrium p D(p), S(p) Marketdemand Marketsupply p* q* An sales tax lowersthe market demandcurve by $t $t Quantity Taxes Market Equilibrium p D(p), S(p) Marketdemand Marketsupply p* q* An sales tax lowersthe market demandcurve by $t, lowersthe sellers’ price andreduces the quantitytraded. $t qt ps Quantity Taxes Market Equilibrium p D(p), S(p) Marketdemand Marketsupply p* q* An sales tax lowersthe market demandcurve by $t, lowersthe sellers’ price andreduces the quantitytraded. $t pb pb qt pb And buyers pay pb = ps + t. ps Quantity Taxes Market Equilibrium p D(p), S(p) Marketdemand Marketsupply p* q* A sales tax levied atrate $t has the sameeffects on themarket’s equilibriumas does an excise taxlevied at rate $t. $t pb pb qt pb ps $t Quantity Taxes Market Equilibrium Who pays the tax of $t per unit traded? The division of the $t between buyers and sellers is the incidence of the tax (税收分担). Quantity Taxes Market Equilibrium p D(p), S(p) Marketdemand Marketsupply p* q* pb pb qt pb ps Quantity Taxes Market Equilibrium p D(p), S(p) Marketdemand Marketsupply p* q* p