土石流溪流特性与代表性因子研究.doc

土石流溪流特性與代表性因子研究 Study on Characteristics and Representative Factors of Debris Flow Streams in Taiwan 研究生：王香云 Wang, Hsiang-Yun 指導教授：陳天健 Chen, Tien-Chien 【摘要】 台灣地區地形起伏變化劇烈，地質環境複雜多變，因此每逢颱風豪雨季節土石流災害頻傳。為了瞭解土石流溪流的特性，提供土石流研究影響因子選取之參考。本研究經由室內與現地調查作業，收集1985~2004年間全台確切發生土石流的249個溪流案例，選定12項土石流影響因子，分別為土石流集水區邊坡坡向、邊坡坡度、集水區面積、形狀係數、集水區平均高程、平均坡度、溪流長度、溪流蜿蜒度、溪床平均坡度、歷史崩塌面積、崩塌區域之地質及斷層通過長度等。研究結果顯示，在土石流溪流特性上，土石流溪流集水區坡向朝向西方及東方者較高；主要集水區邊坡是高於30度；集水區面積主要分佈於200公頃以下，形狀偏狹長型；集水區平均高程主要為500~1000公尺間；集水區平均坡度多在20~35度間；大部分土石流溪流之蜿蜒度並不高；溪流平均坡度則於5~20度之間；集水區崩塌率大部分在10%以下等。此外，土石流溪流之特性亦因其所在之高中低海拔區位而有所差異。除針對全台土石流特性之研究討論外，本文使用群聚分析方法決定以地質區因子為土石流溪流歸類方法，配合標準常態機率逆向運算之統計方法，找出各地質區之代表性坡度及坡向，並進一步定義『促崩坡度所佔面積』與『促崩坡向所佔面積』兩指標，可以作為將來集水區內坡度及坡向相關研究之影響因子，同時可應用於初步推估土石流溪流集水區內可能之崩塌面積。 關鍵字：土石流特性、影響因子、地理資訊系統、代表性因子。 【Abstract】 Three fourth of area of Taiwan is covered with mountain. Located at the bound of the Philippine plate and Euro-Asia plate, the geomorphology of Taiwan is extremely variation and fracture. Due to the critical geology condition, landslide and debris flow are frequently initiation in the island caused by typhoon and heavy rainfall. For the better understanding to the characteristics of debris flow, more than 200 debris flow streams, events form 1985 to 2004, are studied in the thesis. Through laboratory and field investigation, 249 debris flow streams are documented. Moreover, 12 influence factors considering through the properties of watershed and river channel of those streams are discussed, including the factor of aspect of watershed, slope of watershed, area of watershed, form factor, mean elevation of watershed, mean slope of watershed, length of stream, sinuosity, mean slope of stream bed, landslide area, geology of landslide, and length of fault. Analysis results show that major aspects of debris flow watershed toward to west and east. Major slopes of debris flow watershed are higher than 30 degrees. The large part of watershed areas is less 200 hectares. More, the form factor showed that the debris