WK8 Intro to classification英文文献资料.pdf

Intro to classification What is this organism? • A lizard: • common scaly-foot (Pygopus lepidopodus) Binomial nomenclature (Genus species) leporidae European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) European brown hare (Lepus europaeus) Binomial nomenclature • Carl von Linne • Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) developed the system of naming we use today: bionomial nomenclature Giant Panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca Binomial nomenclature Ursus maritimus is the name for a polar bear. • Ursus is the genus (it includes several kinds of bears) • maritimus is the species Taxonomy - science of classifying and naming organisms - place organisms in groups or taxa (categories; singular = taxon) Who is more closely related? Animals and fungi are more closely related than either is to plants. • Classification shows the pattern of evolution • Classifying organisms helps determining their evolutionary relationships Taxonomy Tools used to determine evolutionary relationships: 1. Fossils 2. Morphology (homologous structures) 3. Molecular evidence (DNA, amino acids) • Linnaeus’s System of Classification includes 7 taxa • Categories from Largest to Smallest: – Kingdom – Phylum – Class – Order – Family – Genus – Species Human • Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum: Chordate • Class: Mammal • Order: Primate • Family: Homonid • Genus: Homo • Species: sapiens Scientific Name: Homo sapiens Kingdoms Changing