光电子材料与器件2019 PPT_Part_II(chapt9).pdf

Optoelectronic Materials & Devices 光电子材料与器件 (Part II) Part II Chapter 9 Electronic Properties of P/C/D/A 9.1 Conducting Polymers and Organic Metals Nobel Prize story  In the past, synthetic polymers or plastics had been commonly considered to posses insulating properties only  However in 1970s, Alan Heeger, Alan MacDiarmid and Hideki Shirakawa, collaborating at University of Pennsylvania, discovered the conductivity of Polyacetylene (C2H2)n could be enhanced by many orders of magnitude (i.e. 107) by ‘doping’ with bromide Chemical structure of Polyacetylene  The three scientists were awarded a joint Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000, “for the discovery and development of conductive polymers Part II Chapter 9 Electronic Properties of P/C/D/A 9.1 Conducting Polymers and Organic Metals  Polymers consist of (macro) molecules (long & chain-like). Several atoms combine & form a specific building block, called a monomer, and thousands of monomer combine to a polymer. (see Fig. 9.1)  Binding force btw individual atoms within a chain: usually covalent & sometimes ionic in nature  The binding force btw macromolecules: a weak Van der Walls type  Degree of order or periodicity of atoms in polymers:  dependent on lengt & regularity of molecular structure. Certain heat treatment affects some structural parameters; e.g. slow cooling yield, for certain polymer, a crystalline structure (Fig. 9.2) Part II Chapter 9 Electronic Properties of P/C/D/A 9.1 Conducting Polymers and Organic Metals  High degree of crystallinity & relatively high conductivity found in polyacetylene, a simplest conjugated organic polymer prototype of a conducting polymer. 