英文PPT讲解悖论.pptVIP

--------讲稿人： 陈磊 小组成员：赵杰、李胜希、缪振、曲焱、钟荣、冯其、陈磊 An example of a paradox, the barber (Russell paradox) :理发师悖论（罗素悖论） A village only one barber, and the villagers all need a haircut,(某村只有一人理发，且该村的人都需要理发，) the barber regulation, and only in the village the barber shave only those men who do not shave themselves . (理发师规定，给且只给村中不自己理发的人理发) Question: Should the barber give himself a haircut?(试问：理发师给不给自己理发？) If the barber give himself a haircut,(如果理发师给自己理发)he is against his agreement;(则违背了自己的约定；) If the barber dont give himself a haircut,(如果理发师不给自己理发， )so according to the provisions of his, and he should give himself a haircut.(那么按照他的规定，又应该给自己理发。 )So, the barber drops into a dilemma(这样，理发师陷入了两难的境地) ●悖论定义：Paradox definition ●悖论的定义可以这样表述：由一个被承认是真的命题为前提，设为B，进行正确的逻辑推理后，得出一个与前提互为矛盾命题的结论非B； The definition of paradox can be this statement: a recognized real proposition for the premise, set as B, after the logical reasoning, get a conclusion Against B which is the contradiction proposition of the premise ●反之，以非B为前提，亦可推得B。 Contrary to the Against B for the premise, may also push to B. ●那么命题B就是一个悖论。 So proposition B is a paradox. ●当然非B也是一个悖论。 Of course the Against B is a paradox. As Tai Ji Bagua map, as paradox than you want to be much more difficult. It did not want to lie there quietly正如太极八卦图一样，悖论比你想的要难得多。它可不想安静的躺在那里 悖论有三种主要形式。 There are three main forms of paradox. 1．一种论断看起来好像肯定错了，但实际上却是对的（佯谬）。 1. A judge looks as if it must be wrong, but actually its right (ignore misbehavior). 2．一种论断看起来好像肯定是对的，但实际上却错了（似是而非的理论）。 2. A judge looks as if it must be true, but actually it is wrong (specious theory). 3．一系列推理看起来好像无法打破，可是却导致逻辑上自相矛盾。 3. A series of reasoning looks as if it cant break, but lead to logically contradictory. The 1st cases 说谎者悖论 Someone said: “what I am saying now is a lie. (某人说：“我现在说的话是一句谎话。” ) What do you think that what he said is lying or the truth? (你说他说的话是谎话还是真话？ ) the 3th case:A word and he paradox (例三、一句话和他