新视野大学英语3unit2课后练习答案知识讲解.pptVIP

;;;;;;Appositive 同位结构是句子中，指代同一事物的两个名词（或词组）构成同位关系，即一个较长的名词（或词组）对一个相邻的名词，进行更进一步的解释说明。同位结构一般要求一先一后，位置相邻。例： Mr. Howe, my favorite professor, has received an award. 上句中， my favorite professor为名词性结构，对名词Mr. Howe进行补充说明。这样， Mr. Howe和my favorite professor就构成一组同位结构。;IX. 同位结构 Mr. Howe, my favorite professor, has received a Distinguished Teacher Award. Yesterday I went fishing, something I hadn’t done in years. Some women are normally inactive but then all of a sudden start a program of intense exercise, an action that breaks the laws of sports science.;独立主格结构（Absolute Structure） 一、概念 独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。如：his work done 独立主格结构的主语和主句的主语不同。此结构可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。 需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。如 his work done, John went home. 二、语法功能 独立主格结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况以及补充说明等；有时也可以作定语。 ;1）动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生； The manager looks worried，many things to settle. 经理看上去很着急, 有这么多的事情要处理。 （不定式to settle表示事情还没有处理） 2) 过去分词形式表示动作已经结束； The manager looks relaxed, many things settled. 许多事情已经处理好了，经理看上去很轻松。 （过去分词settled表示动作已经结束，即事情已经处理好了） 3) 现在分词形式往往表示动作正在进行。 The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV. 他一边做饭，一边看电视(做饭和看电视两个动作同时进行);The iron content of tomato sauce cooked in an iron pot for three hours showed a striking increase, the level going up nearly 30 times. 独立主格结构 the level going up nearly 30 times 是对整 个句子的补充说明； 如何判断是否是独立主格结构？ 1）构成：名词the level +现在分词going up; 2) 两个小分句中间无连接词; 3) 且两个分句的逻辑主语不同。;X.独立主格结构 1. His homework done, his composition written, Larry decided to go and see the film. 2. The manager sat quietly in the office, (his) eyes closed, waiting for the telephone to ring. 3. The room was a mess, empty bottles and beer cans (being) everywhere. 4.When I walked in, Grandpa was sitting at the kitchen table, the newspaper spread before him. 5.Diana stood motionless at the end of the diving board, tears streaming down her cheeks. ;XI.汉译英 1.The defendan