用毛细管升高法测液体的表面张力系数.ppt

Measuring the Surface Tension Constant of Liquid by the Use of Capillary Aim To determine the surface tension value of water against air by the method of capillary rise. To learn the use of reading microscope. Introduction Theory Apparatus Reading microscope Beaker Capillary Thermometer Light source Support of capillary Reading microscope Procedure 1 Illuminate the object by light source, adjust the direction of light and make the field of view be bright. 2 Adjust eyepiece until the cross-hair is clear. Procedure 3 Get rid of the water in capillary. Put capillary into the hole of support and make the end of capillary dip into the beaker filled with water. Raise and lower the capillary several times until it is wetted. When the water wets the walls of the capillary, the water is “pulled” up by the surface tension force. Pull capillary upward from lower slowly until its liquid level achieves the highest. Procedure 4 Put the beaker on object stage，find the clear image of liquid levels of capillary and beaker separately by adjusting the distance from lens to object. Procedure 5 Use the reading microscope to determine the capillary rise of water. Procedure 6 Take out the capillary and get rid of water in it. Put the capillary on the support and making the end of it toward objective lens. Adjust the reading microscope until find the ring image of capillary and the color of the ring is green (as below). Procedure 8 Record the temperature t of the water. Data processing Calculate the surface tension of water. Compare the result with the standard value and calculate the relative error. * * This unequal attraction causes the water at the air-water interface to act as a cohesive surface and the liquid to shrink to the smallest possible surface area. A water molecule deep within the liquid experience forces of attraction by all its neighbors net force = zero A water molecule at the surface lacks neighboring water molecule