美洲商陆果实产量果实丢失及土壤种子库的研究.docVIP

美洲商陆的果实产量、果实丢失及土壤种子库的研究 李娟 李新华 王庆亚 王燕 浦伯钧 王聪 王探 (南京农业大学生命科学学院 南京210095) 摘 要 外來植物美洲商陆(Phytolacca americana )入侵到我国大部分地区，并造成一定危害。 为了了解其入佼机制，本研究于2008年4月至2008年9月，调查了南京地区美洲商陆的果实产 量，刺槐林、针阔混交林和毛竹林3种生境中鸟类对美洲簡陆浆果取食率及美洲簡陆土壤种 子库密度。结果表明：(1)美洲商陆单株果实产量为975?11545个，平均为4287.90±527.11 个；(2)在刺槐林、针阔混交林和毛竹林3种生境屮，标记的美洲商陆果序成熟浆果为 5X0.8?617个，没有显著差异(5,30=0.414,/尸0.665)；而鸟类对美洲商陆浆果取食率分别为 87.67%、83.38%、13.10%,在毛竹林与洋槐林、针阔混交林之间有显著差异(ANOVA, D1004.83,妒2,〃V0.0001)； (3)在刺槐林、针阔混交林和毛竹林3类生境中，土壤种子库 种子密度分别为1630.0粒/n?、4240.0粒/亦、5690.0粒/n?；在毛竹林与其他2类生境小，土 壤种子库密度与鸟类对果实的取食率之间都呈显著的负相关(r =-0.827, p0.0001； r = 一 1.000,pVO.OOOl； r=-1.000,p0.0001),说明不同生境中鸟类取食导致的种子迁出是影 响美洲商陆土壤种子库大小的重要原因之一。 关键词 美洲商陆；果实产量；土壤种子库；食果鸟类；种子传播 Study on the fruit yield, fruit loss and soil seed bank of Phytolacca americana Abstract: Exotic weed Phytolacca americana is a highly invasive species? To provide infonnation for controlling or preventing its spread and invasion, from April 2008 to September 2008, the fruit production, soil seed bank, and number of Phytolacca americana fruits eaten by birds were surveyed in Nanjing. The results showed that the average fruit production of P. americana was 4287.90±527.11 per plant? The number of fully ripe fruit of marked racemes Phytolacca americana in Robinia peseudoacacia forest, Coniferous broadleaved mixed forest, and Phyllostachys pubescens forest varied 580.8?617 per plant, there weren^t significant difference in these habitat type (ANOVA, F2.3o=O?414,〃=O?665)?Ho wever, the number of fruits eaten by birds 国家白然科学某金国家基础科学人才培养某金项H (J0730647)资助 were 79.2?540.2 per plant, and the percent of fruits eaten by birds were87.67%s 83.38%、13.10% respect, there were significant difference among Phyllostcichys pubescens forest, Coniferous broadleaved mixed forest, Robinia peseudoacacia forest (ANOVA, F=1004,83, dj=2, p 0.0001) . Seed density in these habitat type varied between 1630.0?5690.0 seeds.m , it was negative relation to the percent of fruits eaten by birds (广=—0.827, pVO.OOOl ； r= —1.000, p 0.0001 ； r