布朗大学同位素地球化学Hydrogen and oxygenisotopesin precipitation Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes 2.pptVIP

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2019-09-07 发布于湖北
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布朗大学同位素地球化学Hydrogen and oxygenisotopesin precipitation Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes 2.ppt

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Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in precipitation Topics in this class section Factors affecting the isotopic ratios in precipitation Global scale (Temperature, Latitude, Continent) Regional scale (Altitude, Season, amount) Isotopic composition of ocean waters, and its effect on isotopic value of precipitation Objectives Understanding how and why hydrogen and oxygen isotopic ratios change under different environmental conditions and across different time scales (seasonal, annual, longer time) Causes for the variability of ocean water isotopic ratios Factors controlling isotope ratios in precipitation Temperature (different globally and regionally) Latitudinal effect Continental effect Altitude effect (local effect) Seasonal effect (local effect) Temperature andδ18O and δD in precipitation Globally, there is a linear relationship between surface air temperature and d18O or dD for mean annual precipitation (Dansgaard, 1964) δ18Om=0.695*Tannual-13.6 δD=5.6*Tannual-100 In reality, it is in-cloud temperature that directly affects isotopic ratios of precipitation, but because of the measurement difficulties, surface air temperature is used Variability of temperature – d18O relationship GNIP stations Variability of temperature – d18O relationship T – d18O relationship for worldwide precipitation comprises different curves or lines for specific geographic regions Marine stations correlate poorly with global data due to the damping of seasonal variations in temperature and precipitation, and closeness to the ocean (moisture source) Higher latitude, continental stations have greater slope than marine stations Stable isotope distribution in meteoric water Stable isotope distribution in meteoric water Deuterium excess map North America North America d18O North America dD Latitude effect Based on δ-T relationship, one can expect that precipitation at higher latitudes tends to have lower δ18O values Polar regions are situated at the end of the Rayleigh rainout proc