香港身份证号码.pptVIP

* Hamming Code Given 15 coins which should be of equal weight, but you are told that there may be one that is different from the others. You have a balance on which to compare the weights of different coins or sets of coins. Devise a scheme using four balance checks to determine which coin, if any, has the wrong weight. * Error Correcting Code Dr. W. C. Shiu Hong Kong Baptist University Department of Mathematics * Examples: Let us vonsider the following example. I am a dog, so you have to worship me. Meet me at 8:00 c.m. * Parity Check: ISBN-10 (International Standard Book Number) 0-471-61884-5 where 0 ? a10 ? 10. If a10=10, then use X to instead of it. In general, assume the first 9 digits of an ISBN is a1a2…a9, where 0 ? ai ? 9 for 1 ? i ? 9, then the tenth digit (the check digit) is * Jan. 1, 2007, ISBN-13 will instead of ISBN-10 Parity Check: ISBN-13 How do we convert ISBN-10 to ISBN-13? * Parity Check: ISBN-13 Drop the check digit from the existing ISBN-10 Add the prefix 978 or 979 (usually is 978) Calculate the check digit using modulo 10: Suppose the 13 digits is a1a2…a13, where 0 ? ai ? 9 for 1 ? i ? 13, then it satisfies * Parity Check: ISBN-13 Original ISBN-10: 0-471-61884-5 New ISBN-13: 978- 0-471-61884-? The new ISBN-13 is 978- 0-471-61884-4 * 香港身份證號碼 X354670(?) 身份證號碼的「結構」，可以用??abcdef (z)表示。「?」可能是「空格」或是一個英文字母，「 ? 」則必定是英文字母。「 abcdef 」代表一個六位數字，而「z」是作為檢碼之用，它的可能選擇是0, 1, 2, ... , 9, A(代表10)。這些代號的背後，都可配上一個編碼值。透過編碼值，便可找出 9?+8?+7a+6b+5c+4d+3e+2f+z 的總和。該總和特別之處，是必須被11整除。利用這特點，我們便能找出括號內的數字。試試看！ * ? 或 ? 的編碼值: 空格 58 I 18 R 27 A 10 J 19 S 28 B 11 K 20 T 29 C 12 L 21 U 30 D 13 M 22 V 31 E 14 N 23 W 32 F 15 O 24 X 33 G 16 P 25 Y 34 H 17 Q 26 Z 35 * X354670(?) 9(58)+8(33)+7(3)+6(5)+5(4)+4(6)+3(7)+2(0)+z = 902+z 被11整除，所以z=0。 我們可利用Modular arithmetic來簡化運算。 z = ?9??8??7a?6b?5c?4d?3e?2f ? 2?+3?+4a+5b?5c?4d?3e?2f (mod 11) 所以 z ? 2(58)+3(33)+4(3)+5(5) ? 5(4) ? 4(6) ? 3(7) ? 2(0) ? 2(3)+3(0)+12+25?20?24?21?0 ? 6+0+1+3+2?2+1?0=11 ? 0 (mod 11) 即 X35467