荷马史诗伊利亚德奥德赛IliadandOdyssey课件.pptVIP

荷马史诗伊利亚德奥德赛Iliad and Odyssey * Outline Homer in Ancient Greece Themes and Persons Illiad Odyssey Closing Thoughts * Homer in Ancient Greece Earliest Greek Literature Written c. 750 BCE from oral trad. (c. 1200 BCE) Recited by Rhapsodes Epic = dactylic hexameter or long poem on war/myth Cultural Importance for Greeks Taken as History Hellenic Unity Educational Texts * Some Themes Glories of War/Adventure Reasons for War Realistic Descriptions Ideals of Heroism Areté, timé, and kleos Fate Courage “shame culture” Others Gods Humans Individual vs. Society Word vs. Deed * Greece and Trojan War * Areté Excellence, virtue, or what makes and individual the best or among the best; usually some combination of physical prowess persuasive speech or command. Timé Honor, material symbol of status among others, usually capable of being taken away (prize, booty, trophies). Kleos Glory or Fame, understood as public opinion, or what others say or remember. * Persons in the Iliad Acheans Achilles Patrocles Agamemnon Menalaos Odysseus, Ajax, Phoenix Trojans Hector Alexandros Priam, Helen, Andromache Gods Zeus, Apollo, Aphrodite Athena, Hera, Thetis * Iliad (Book I) Wrath of Achilles, Part I In medias res: Trojan War Plague of Apollo Menis: Quarrel with Agamemnon Consequences Thetis’ Supplication of Zeus Glimpse of Olympus Is Achilles’ anger his own fault? * Thetis supplicant to Zeus * Iliad (Book VI) Behind the Walls of Troy Hector as Tragic Hero Women and Family Life Fate Troy Hector Trojan Women Is Hector a sympathetic hero? Why or why not? * Iliad (Book IX) Embassy to Achilles Discourse among equals? Odysseus’ plea Phoenix’s plea Ajax’s parting words Is Achilles being unreasonable? Why or why not? * Death and Heroism The prospect of death drives the heroes to pursue timé (honor). The hero is defined by his(her) action in the face of mortality, especially in combat or contests. And resulting kleos (glory) is the hero’s only immortality. * Sarpedon declares to Glaukos