上海中考语法句法syntax.docxVIP

四、句法(Syntax) (一)句子的成分(Sentence Element) 句子的成分 句子有两个最重要的成分：主语(Subject)和谓语(Predicate)。主语一般由名词或起名词作用的其它词类 或从句担任。谓语主耍由动词或动词短语担任，有吋也可以由系动词加一个表语(Predicative)合成谓 语的成分。如： Kates uncle lives in a village. （主）（谓） London is ihc capilal of England. （系动词） （表） （合成谓语） 除了主语和谓语，句了还有其他成分，女口宾语（Object）、定语（Awibute）和状语（Adverbial Modifier）,有 吋宾语后面可以加一个宾语补足语（Object Complement）构成复合宾语。 Jennys brother met an old friend in the street. （主） （谓） （地点状语） His father bought him a new bike the day before yesterday. （间宾）（直宾） （时间状语） The meeting on Friday was put off because of the heavy rain. （后置定语） （原因状语） They did everything to save the workers life. （宾） （目的状语） The girl was tall enough to reach the book on the shelf. （系动词）（表） （合成谓语） They told me to go there by taxi. （宾补）（方式状语） He has a good memory though he is old. （让步状语从句） Youll miss the early bus 讦 you dont hurry. （前置定语）（条件状语从句） （二）句子的种类（Classification） 1、陈述句(Declarative Sentence)肯定式，否定式 如: Lily and Liz are (not) twins. I have a hamburger, but I have not any/no sandwiches? They had an English lesson this morning. They didnt have any Chinese lessons. There is some Coke in the bottle, but there is not any/no orange juice? We should obey the traffic* rules. We mustnt play in the street? 疑问句及其回答:(Interrogative Sentence and Answer) 一般疑问句如： A: Was Kathy late for school this morning? B: Yes, she was? / No, she wasnt. A: Docs your father go to Pudong by ferry? B: Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. A: Have you been to Canada? B: Yes, I have. / No, I havens? A: May I leave a little earlier today? B: Yes, you may/can. No, you may not/mustnVcant. 特殊疑问句如： 常见白勺特殊疑问诃有 what, who, whom, whose, which, when, where, why, how, how old, how many, how much, how long, how often, how soon, how far, how fast 等。 A: Who teaches you chemistry this term? B: Mr Li does. A: What time is it by your watch? B: Seven fifty-eigh匸 A: How do you travel to school? B: By bus, then on foot. A: How often do you do a revision? B: Once a week? 选择疑问句如： A: Are you American or Canadian? B: Fm Canadian