第16章RNA生物合成.pptVIP

* He discovered RNA polymerase. * * * 7SL RNA is small cytoplasmic RNA(scRNA) Amanitin: 鹅膏蕈碱 Pol II is most sensitive to ?-amanitin, an octapeptide from Amanita phalloides (destroying angel mushroom) * All eukaryotic RNA polymerases typically have two large subunits and 12-15 smaller subunits. All are big, multimeric proteins (500-700 kD) All have 2 large subunits with sequences similar to ? and ? in E.coli RNA polymerase, so catalytic site may be conserved RNA polymerase II is central to eukaryotic gene expression于and has been studied extensively. Although this polymerase is strikingly more complex than its bacterial counterpart, the complexity masks a remarkable conservation of structure, function, and mechanism. Pol II is a huge enzyme with 12 subunits. The largest subunit(RBP1) exhibits a high degree of homology to the β‘ subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase. Another subunit(RBP2) is structurally similar to the bacterial β subunit, and two others (RBP3 and RBP11) show some structural homology to the two bacterial α subunits. Pol II must function with genomes that are more complex and with DNA molecules more elaborately packaged than in bacteria. The need for protein-protein contacts with the numerous other protein factors required to navigate this labyrinth accounts in large measure for the added complexity of the eukaryotic polymerase.The largest subunit of Pol II also has an unusual feature,a long carboxyl-terminal tail consisting of many repeats of a consensus heptad amino acid sequence–YSPTSPS–. There are 27 repeats in the yeast enzyme (18 exactly matching the consensus) and 52 (21 exact) in the mouse and human enzymes. This carboxylterminal domain (CTD) is separated from the main body of the enzyme by an unstructured linker sequence. The CTD has many important roles in Pol II function, as outlined below. * 酪氨酸－丝氨酸－脯氨酸－苏氨酸－丝氨酸－脯氨酸－丝氨酸 Yeast Pol II consists of 10 different peptides (RPB1 - RPB10) RPB1 and RPB2 are homologous to E. coli RNA polymeras