何时用不定式何时用分词与动名词.doc

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word...专业技术行业资料 PAGE 范文范例学习参考指导 何时用不定式何时用分词和动名词 Ⅰ. 动名词和 不定式做主语的相同点 1.不定式短语和动名词做主语时,常常为了保持句子的平衡,用it来做 形式主语,如: It is not easy to learn English well. It is no use asking him for help. 2.如果主语用了不定式, 表语和宾语也要用不定式;主语用了动名词,表语和宾语也要用动名词,这在英语中称为 对称性,如: To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. (眼见为实) (85)It is better to stay home than _A__ out. A. to go B. going C. go D. gone Ⅱ.动名词和不定式做主语的不同点 1.不定式做主语常表示具体的某一动作;表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念时,多用动名词,如: (92)_B_ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk 2.在”There/It +be+ no use(good/help/need)”之后常用动名词做主语,而少用不定式,如: It /There is no use crying over the split milk. It /There is no help taking this medicine. ★但是如果该 句型中用了for引出不定式的 逻辑主语,就只能用不定式,如: (93) There is no good for us to do that exercise. 3.不定式可以和when, where, how, what, whether等连用,在句子中做主语,宾语和表语,而动名词则不能,如: How to solve the problem is a hot potato. Where to put the box seems hard to decide. Whether to do it hasn’t been decided. What to do next is up to you. 时态、语态及其基本用法 A. 不定式 1.不定式的时态、语态有三种形式:①一般式,如,to write / to be written ;②进行式,如,to be writing / to have been writing;③完成式,如,to have written / to have been written 。 2.基本用法 ①不定式的一般式,表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时也发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后。如: He seems to know this.(=It seems that he knows this.) I hope to see you again.(=I hope that I’ll see you again.) He doesn’t like to be laughed at. (=He doesn’t like that he is being laughed at.) ②不定式的进行式,表示不定式的动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如: When the mother went into the room, the boy pretended to be sleeping. (=… , the boy pretended that he was sleeping .) I heard the English song being sung by him. (=I heard that the English song was being sung by him.) ③.不定式的完成式,表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如: I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. (= I am sorry that I kept you waiting so long. ) Having been well written, the book was translated into many languages. (=Because it had been well written, …) B. 分词 1.只有现在分词才有时态和语态形式的变化。现在分词的时态、语态有两种形式:①一般

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