锅炉专业应知应会.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 4 目 录 锅炉基础知识··············································2 第一节、流体力学基础知识·····················································2 第二节、传热学基础知识·······················································5 第三节、仪表基础知识·························································8 第四节、电气基础知识·························································12 第二章、锅炉燃料、原料的基础知识····································16 第一节、煤的基础知识························································16 第二节、水、蒸汽的基础知识·····················································23 第三章、锅炉的主要设备············································28 第一节、锅炉的基础知识 ·····················································28 第二节、润滑油的基础知识······················································37 第三节、DCS的基础知识·······················································45 第四章、锅炉的常规操作·················································47 第一节、运行管理制度··· ·····················································47 第二节、新安装及检修后的锅炉检查 ·············································55 第三节、锅炉的机组启动 ·····················································63 第四节、锅炉运行中的件事与调整 ···············································70 第五节、锅炉的机组停运 ·····················································75 第五章、锅炉操作异常现象及分析·····································77 第六章、锅炉习题集··············································93 锅炉基础知识 本章学习任务： 了解:锅炉基础理论 掌握：各种基础理论概念及规律 第一节 流体力学基础知识 流体力学：是研究静止流体的力学规律和运动流体的能量转化及能量损失规律的一门学科。 力：是动力学的基本概念。牛顿第一定律给出力的定义为：力是物体间的一种相互作用。由于有了这种作用，物体才会改变速度，即获得加速度。 力的三要素：力的大小、方向和力的作用点。 质量：物体惯性的量度，是指物体所含物质的多少。物体的质量与其惯性成正比。 表面力、质量力、重力、惯性力。 作用在物体上的力分为表面力和质量力两种。 表面力：作用在液体表面上的，并与其表面积成正比的力。 表面力有外力和内力之分，内力是由于液体质点间相互作用而产生的。液体的内与外力的平衡条件是在液体的边界上。 质量力：作用在液体内部每一质点上且与质量成正比的力。 质量力分为重力和惯性力两种： eq \o\ac(○,1) 重力：地球对其表面附近物体的引力。用“N”表示，即： 式中 ——物体的重量，N； ——物体的质量，㎏； g——物体的重力加速度，m/s2。 惯性力：液体做加速运动时产生的力。 牛顿第一定律（惯性定律）：任何物体都保持静止或匀速直线运动状态，除非它受到作用力而被迫改变这种状态。它包含两个重要的物理概念：一是惯性：物体保持原有运动状态不变的特性与其他物体的作用无关的固有属性。二是力的概念。 牛顿第二定律：物体受到外力的作用时，所获得的加速度a的大小与外力F的大小成正比，与物体的质量m成反比，加速度的方向与外力的方向相同。数学表达为： F=ma 式中 F——作用力，N；