钾的异常英文.pptxVIP

Potassium balance Potassium is the major cation in the intracellular compartment. Potassium affects many body functions and contributes to maintenance of intracellular osmolality. Normal serum potassium concentration: 3.5~5.5mmol/L Abnormal potassium metabolism Potassium deficit(hypokalemia) Potassium excess(hyperkalemia) Hypokalemia(低钾血症) Reasons: Inadequate intake Excessive losses Extracellular potassium has moved into body cells Clinical manifestation: Myasthenia gravis Patients with anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, intestinal peristalsis disappeared intestinal paralysis Heart block, the abnormal rhythm Electrocardiogram: T wave decrease, flattening or inversion, ST segment depression, prolongation of the QT interval, U wave Metabolic alkalosis and Paradoxical acidic urine（代谢性碱中毒,反常性酸性尿） Diagnosis: Medical history Clinical manifestation Potassium is less than 3.5mmol/L Aided diagnosis:ECG Treatment: The removal of the cause The amount and speed control The speed of 20mmmol/L The daily amount of 100~200mmol See urinary potassium Non intravenous injection Fractional potassium, edge treatment observation Hyperkalemia(高钾血症) Reasons: Enter the body potassium levels The renal excretion of potassium hypofunction Intracellular potassium removal Clinical manifestation(临床表现): Mental confusion, feeling abnormal, body weak and feeble Beckoning bradycardia or arrhythmia ECG:T wave height and tip,P amplitude decreased, QRS broadening Diagnosis: Diagnosis: potassium than 5.5mmol/L Aided diagnosis：ECG Treatment 1.Immediately stop all drugs containing potassium or solution 2.Reduction of serum potassium concentration Urges the potassium ion to intracellular: infusion of sodium bicarbonate solution Cation exchange resin（阳离子交换树脂） Dialysis therapy（透析疗法） 3.Against arrhythmia：Intravenous glucose acid calcium solution Thank you!