powerpoint presentation 浙江工商大学.pptVIP

Introduction导论 A Model of a Two-Factor Economy两要素经济模型 Effects of International Trade Between Two-Factor Economies国际贸易对两要素经济的影响 Empirical Evidence on the Heckscher-Ohlin Model实证检验 Summary总结 Appendix: Factor Prices, Goods Prices, and Input Choices附录：要素价格、商品价格和投入选择 ;Introduction;Assumptions of the Model假设 An economy can produce two goods, cloth and food.两种产品：棉布和粮食 The production of these goods requires two inputs that are in limited supply; labor (L) and land (T).生产需要两种投入要素（受供给的制约）：劳动力和土地。 Production of food is land-intensive and production of cloth is labor-intensive in both countries.土地密集型和劳动密集型两种产品 Perfect competition prevails in all markets.完全竞争 ;//;Factor Intensity要素密集度 In a world of two goods (cloth and food) and two factors (labor and land), food production is land-intensive, if at any given wage-rental ratio the land-labor ratio used in the production of food is greater than that used in the production of cloth:土地密集型（粮食） TF/LF TC/ LC(给定工资与地租率) Example: If food production uses 80 workers and 200 acres, while cloth production uses 20 workers and 20 acres, then food production is land-intensive and cloth production is labor-intensive.劳动密集型 ;CC;Factor Prices and Goods Prices要素价格与商品价格 Stolper-Samuelson Theorem (effect):（斯托尔珀-萨缪尔森效应：反映要素价格与商品价格之间关系） If the relative price of a good increases, holding factor supplies constant, then the nominal and real return (in terms of both goods) to the factor used intensively in the production of that good increases, while the nominal and real return (in terms of both goods) to the other factor decreases.在要素供给约束的条件下，一种商品的相对价格上升，对于生产密集使用的要素而言，用两种商品衡量的名义收益和真实收益均增加；但对于其他要素收益则下降。 The reverse is also true. ;SS;FF;An increase in the price of cloth relative to that of food, PC/PF ,will:棉布的相对价格上升将 Raise the income of workers relative to that of landowners, w/r. 提高工人相对于土地所有者的收入 Raise the ratio of land to labor, T/L, in both cloth and food production and thus raise the marginal product of labor in terms of both goods. 提高两种产品生产中的土