汽车导航系统外文翻译.docVIP

Automotive navigation system An?automotive avigation system?is a? \o Global Navigation Satellite System satellite navigation system?designed for use in? \o Automobiles automobiles. It typically uses a \o GPS navigation device GPS navigation device?to acquire position data to locate the user on a? \o Road road?in the units map? \o Database database. Using the road database, the unit can give directions to other locations along roads also in its database.? \o Dead reckoning Dead reckoning?using distance data from sensors attached to the? \o Powertrain drivetrain, a? \o Inertial guidance system gyroscope?and an? \o Accelerometer accelerometer?can be used for greater reliability, as GPS signal loss and/or? \o Multipath propagation multipath?can occur due to? \o Urban canyon urban canyons?or? \o Tunnels tunnels. Some sorts can be taken out of the car and used hand-held while walking. History Automotive navigation systems were the subject of extensive experimentation, including some efforts to reach mass markets, prior to the availability of commercial \o GPS GPS. Most major technologies required for modern automobile navigation were already established when the microprocessor emerged in the 1970s to support their integration and enhancement by computer software. These technologies subsequently underwent extensive refinement, and a variety of system architectures had been explored by the time practical systems reached the market in the late 1980s. Among the other enhancements of the 1980s was the development of color displays for digital maps and of CD-ROMs for digital map storage. However, there is some question about who made the first?commercially available?automotive navigation system. There seems to be little room for doubt?that \o Etak (automotive navigation systems) Etak?was first to make available a digital system that used map-matching to improve on? \o Dead reckoning dead reckoning?instrumentation. Etaks systems, which accessed digital map info