计算接触力学chapter3.pdfVIP

3 Continuum Solid Mechanics and Weak Forms The deformation of solids is generally described by the kinematic relations, the equations of balance and the constitutive equations. This chapter summarizes the main equations which govern the deformation of solids. For a detailed treatment of this subject the reader should consult the literature, e.g. the standard books of Eringen (1967), Malvern (1969), Truesdell and Noll (1965), Truesdell and Toupin (1960), Ogden (1984) or Chadwick (1999). 3.1 Kinematics 3.1.1 Motion and deformation gradient In this section we discuss the motion and deformation of continua. A body B can be described by a set of points which are in a region of the Euclidean space IE3 . A configuration of B is then a one-to-one mapping ϕ: B −→ IE3 , which places the particles of B in IE3 . The position of a particle X of B in the configuration ϕ is defined by x = ϕ (X ). The placement of the body B is described by ϕ(B) = { ϕ(X ) |X ∈ B} and therefore be denoted as configuration ϕ(B) of body B . The motion of body B is then a temporally parametric series of configu- rations ϕt : B → IE3 . For the position of the particle X at time t ∈ R+ we have x = ϕt (X ) = ϕ (X, t). (3.1) This equation describes a curve in IE3 for the particle X . X = ϕ0 (X ) defines the reference configuration of body B , where X is the position of particle X in this configuration. With (3.1) we have x = ϕ (ϕ−1 (X), t). (3.2) 0 REMARK 3.1: Body B does not have to assume the reference configuration at any time. Since the reference configuration can be chosen in an arbitrary way, it 32 3 Continuum Solid Mechanics and Weak Forms is often selected to coincide