计算接触力学chapter13.pdfVIP

13 Computation of Critical Points with Contact Constraints The postcritical behaviour of contact problems cannot be studied in general by using standard path-following methods like the arc-length schemes given by Riks (1972) and others. These methods work well for applications where pure snap-through appears, even if contact takes place during the deformation process, e.g. see Simo et al. (1986) and Tsch¨ope et al. (2003). Besides the snap-through behaviour of structures, bifurcation can dominate the response, especially for shell structures. In the case of bifurcation, special algorithms like branch-switching or related techniques have to be employed if secondary branches have to be computed, e.g. see Riks (1984) or Wagner and Wriggers (1988). An example for bifurcation within a contact problem is given by the buck- ling of a Euler beam which can come into contact with rigid obstacles, see Figure 13.1. In this case, path-following algorithms with branch-switching and contact formulations have to be modified since several post-critical solutions are possible due to different active contact constraints. These lead to solutions which are associated with different branches. In general, constraints associ- ated with contact are inequalities. Thus, special techniques have to be used to incorporate contact constraints into the formulation. An interesting aspect is the computation of critical points of a structure when contact constraints are present. Fig. 13.1. Buckling of a beam under the presence of contact constraints. 412 13 Computation of Critical Points with Contact Constraints In Simo et al. (1986) results of a buckling analysis with unilateral contact using arc-length procedures are published. Due to the emerging inequality constraints, the underlying mathematics is rather complex. Related literature is restricted mainly to