计算接触力学chapter11.pdfVIP

11 Thermo-mechanical Contact In the case of thermo-mechanical contact problems two fields – deformation and temperature – interact, and thus have to be considered within the formu- lation. In the general setting these fields are coupled, since the constitutive parameters depend upon the temperature. Furthermore, the evolution of the thermal field is related to the deformation, and heat can be generated by dissi- pative mechanisms like plastic deformations or frictional forces. Applications of thermo-mechanical coupled processes include the cooling of electronic de- vices, shrink fitting problems, screw connections under temperature loading, and frictional heating in rubber or hot metal forming problems. The technical importance of these models has recently raised interest in these phenomena, thus many contributions can be found in the literature. Let us note that the movement of skis or skates on snow or ice is also related to thermo-mechanical contact. There a thin water film occurs during motion, and as a lubricant reduces the frictional coefficient considerably between skates and ice. This effect stems from frictional heating due to dissipation. Since this mechanism no longer works at a temperature range below minus 35o Celsius, one then observes a high coefficient of friction, like sand, and skis no longer glide with the usual ease. In this chapter only research which is directly related to the numerical treatment of contact problems within the finite element method is discussed. In cases where thermo-mechanical contact has to be considered, a “high con- tact precision” formulation must be applied to account correctly for the pres- sure dependency of the heat conduction in the contact area. This is due to the fact that the heat conduction depends upon the approach of the two rough surfaces being in contact, see Section 3.3. In this context, models have been discussed for