(生物化学)第16章 DNA BioSynthesis.pptx

Chapter 162015-9-28ContentsCharacteristics1Process & Component2?Reverse transcription3Section 1Characteristicsof DNA replicationReplication FactsNew cells identical to parent cells New DNA identical to parent DNA DNA is copied before cell division.DNA is copied during S phase of interphase4Cell duplicationS phase during interphase of the cell cycleNucleus of eukaryotesSDNA replication.?G1?G2?interphase?Mitosis?-prophase?-metaphase?-anaphase?-telophase5Central dogmareplicationtranscriptiontranslationproteinRNADNAreverse transcriptionGeneral Conceptsreplicationparental DNAdaughter DNAdaughter DNAs are synthesizedparental DNAs as template.genetic information flowCharacteristics of replicationSemi-conservative replicationHigh fidelityOri, BidirectionReplication forkSemi-discontinuous replicationPrimer & othersComponents required for replicationTemplate: Substrate: Enzyme:double stranded DNA dNTPDNA-dependent DNA polymerase (DDDP), other enzymes,protein factorsshort RNA fragment with afree 3′-OH endPrimer:Proposed ModelsIn the late 1950s, three hypotheses.(一) semi conservative replication"Heavy" DNA(15N)grow in 14N mediumThe first generationgrow in 14N mediumThe second generation?CsCl Density Gradient CentrifugationDNA14N15NData Interpreting?one generation,“half-heavy”?After ~ two generations, DNA is of two types: “light” and “half-heavy”?This is consistent with only13the semi-conservative modelSignificancetransfergenetic informationfidelitynext generation(二) Replication initiationDNA synthesis begins at a site termed theorigin of replicationInitiation of ReplicationThe origin of replication in E. coli is termed oriCorigin of Chromosomal replicationAT-rich regionDnaA boxes17(三) Bidirectional ReplicationSynthesis of DNA proceeds bidirectionallyaround the bacterial chromosomeDNA replication with two forksRepliconReplication forks visible in DrosophilaBacterial DNA replication----one origin two directionMultiple origins in eukaryotes, two directions3'5'5'3'bidirectional rep