国内外能源消费模式对比研究 （中期成果汇报.pptVIP

China: Trade Facilitation Reform and Economic Development Zhang Yansheng Institute for International Economic Research National Development and Reform Commission Development of China’s international trade Three stages of China’s international trade development 1979 - 1991: initial stage of opening-up. The government incubated market economy initiatives by decentralization, and introducing international competitors by attracting FDI, developing an export-oriented economy mechanism by regional opening-up. 1992 - 2001: Critical stage of establishing an export-oriented economic mechanism which is based on the market. 2001 - present: New stage for establishing an open economic mechanism which is consistent with international rules and standards. China’s international trade (2005 – 2008) Structure of China’s international trade In 2008, overall volume of China’s processing trade accounted for 41.1% of its international trade, with volume of export by processing trade accounting for 47.3% of overall export volume. In 2008, China’s trade surplus in terms of processing trade was 296.78 billion USD, which basically was equal to China’s overall trade surplus. In 2008, FDI enterprises’ export by processing trade was 572.195 billion USD, accounting for 72.37% of FDI enterprise’ overall export. Processing trade essentially is an effective combination of international capital and China’s cheap labor cost. Structural transformation of China’s international trade In 1986, export of China’s textile and clothes surpassed that of oil for the first time, changing China’s export structure from resource product to labor-intensive products like textile and clothes. In 1995, export of mechanical and electronic products surpassed that of textile and clothes, changing China’s export structure from traditional products to non-traditional products. Since China’s WTO accession in 2001, export of high-tech products has increased rapidly, accounting for more than 25% of China’s o