多媒体网络基础-第2章 网络接口层(第3部分,同步技术、差错控制).pptVIP

Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology LiuYi 数据通信的一个基本要求是接收方必须知道它所接收的每一位的开始时间和持续时间，这样才能正确地接收发送方发来的数据。这个过程叫同步过程。 例： 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 几个1？ 同步的方法有两种： 同步通信（位同步）：同步通信要求接收端时钟频率和发送端时钟频率一致。发送端发送连续的比特流。 异步通信（群同步）:异步通信时不要求接收端时钟和发送端时钟同步。发送端发送完一个字节后，可经过任意长的时间间隔再发送下一个字节。 Using a field in the header to specify the number of characters in the frame. When the data link layer at the destination sees the character count ,it knows how many characters follow and hence where the end of the frame is. (a) A character stream Without errors. (b) A character stream With one error. Having each frame start and end with special bytes, and getting around the problem of resynchronization after an error . It may easily happen that flag byte’s bit pattern occurs in the data. The way to resolve this problem is to have the sender’s data link layer insert a special escape byte（ESC，转义字节） just before each “accidental” flag byte in data. A frame delimited by flag bytes. Four examples of byte sequences before and after stuffing. A major disadvantage is that it is closely tied to the use of 8-bit character. Whenever the sender’s data link layer encounters five consecutive 1s in the data ,it automatically stuffs a 0 bit into the outgoing bit stream. When the receiver sees five consecutive incoming 1 bits followed by a 0 bit, it automatically destuffs the 0 bit. The original data. The data as they appear on the line. The data as they are stored in receiver’s memory after destuffing. The method is only applicable to networks in which the encoding on the physical medium contains some redundancy. Eg:Encode 1 bit of data by using 2 physical bits. Manchester ,Different Manchester . Many data link protocols use a combination of a character count with one of the other methods for extra safety. Bit stuffing and coding violations is more popular used in computer network. 一、差错产生原因 由于线路本身的电气特性 各种外界因素(如：闪电，强电流磁场的变化等) 二、差错控制技术 反馈检测法 自动重发请求法(ARQ一 Automatic Repeat Request ) 向前纠错法（FEC-Forward Error Correc