速度攀岩运动员起跑动作的生物力学分析.doc

速度攀岩运动员起跑动作的生物力学分析.doc

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速度攀岩运动员起跑动作的生物力学分析 北京体育大学 蔡勇1,武文强2 (1.北京体育大学竞技体育学院,北京,100084;2.北京体育大学教育学院,北京,100084) 中文摘要: 目的:探讨速度攀岩运动员起跑动作技术的生物力学特征,揭示运动员完成合理动作的规律,对技术特点进行总结分析,为运动员进行科学化训练提供参考。方法:本研究从北京体育大学攀岩运动员中选取9名作为实验对象,根据运动等级分为实验组和对照组。运用Qualisys动作捕捉分析系统和Kistler三维测力台对速度攀岩运动员的起跑动作进行测试,测试指标为蹬伸时间、加速度、身体重心速度、冲量、峰值力等。结论:优秀组在预备阶段膝关节角度较大、缓冲冲量小,表明优秀组运动员在预备阶段身体重心下降相对较小,能够缩短蹬伸时间;优秀组运动员在蹬伸阶段,力的梯度大,冲量大,表明爆发力强;蹬离地面时重心加速度变化表明优秀组运动员能够充分利用岩壁的支撑腿和手臂进行加速。 关键词:速度攀岩;生物力学;冲量;重心;爆发力 Objective: The study detected the biomechanical characteristics of starting action techniques of speed rock-climbing athletes. To reveal the rules of the athlete completing the reasonable action, and to summarize and analyze their technical characteristics, and then, providing reference for athletes to carry out scientific training. Methods: 9 rock-climbing athletes in Beijing Sports University were assigned into the elite group and the control group. The starting action was measured by Qualisys motion capture analysis system and Kistler three-dimensional force platform. The indices measured include pushing time, acceleration, the speed of center of gravity (COG), impulse and peak force, etc. Independent test was performed to compare the differences between groups. Conclusion: In the preparing phase, the knee angle was larger and the buffer impulse was smaller in the elite group compared with control group, indicating that the body center of gravity of elite athletes decreased relatively small in the preparing phase, and the elite can shorten the pushing time; in the pushing phase, the loading rate of force was higher, the impulse was bigger in the elite group compared with control group, indicating that elite athletes have more power; the acceleration of the center of gravity when body accelerating from the ground indicated that elite athletes can make full use of the supporting legs and arms to accelerate. Key Words:The speed rock-climbing; Biomechanics; Impulse; COG;?Explosive power 在里约奥运会举办之际,国际奥委会正式宣布攀岩项目进入2020年东京奥运会大家庭。攀岩运动作

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