儿童发展心理学_情绪发展2.ppt

* * Threrefore, anger also has positve effects that activates individual to overcome obstacles and orient to goals. Based on a longitudinal study from Dr. Nathan Fox, the current study views anger as an approach-related emotion and examines the relation between anger in infancy and social development in early childhood. We hypothesized that high anger infants exhibit more approach behaviors, pleasure, sociability, and less shyness than low anger infants. However, excessive anger was also hypothesized to be detrimental for the development of effiortful control and behavior problems, which related to the regulation of approach tendency.. In addition to examine the direct effects of anger on later behaviors, left frontal EEG asymmetry and positive temperament to novelty, which both reflect approach tendency (Fox, et al., 2001; Harmon-Jones, 2004), may influence the relation between early anger and subsequent social behaviors. So these are our main goals. * * * * Denham’s Affective Knowledge Test (AKT; 1986) utilizes puppets in measuring preschoolers’ developmentally appropriate understanding of emotional expressions and situations. Children's understanding of emotion is assessed using puppets with detachable faces that depict happy, sad, angry, and afraid expressions. Part I: children are asked to both verbally name the emotions depicted on these faces, and then to nonverbally identify them by pointing. This procedure taps into their ability to recognize expressions of emotion. Part II: in two subtests of emotion situation knowledge, the puppeteer makes standard facial and vocal expressions of emotions while enacting emotion?laden stories, such as fear during a nightmare, happiness at getting some ice cream, and anger at having a block tower destroyed. Children place on the puppet the face that depicts the puppet's feeling in each situation Part III: children are asked to make inferences of emotions in nonstereotypical, equivocal situations. This subtest measure