虚拟语气培训讲义.ppt

虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式。 1. 用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)； 2. 表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。 虚拟语气的概念 英语中的虚拟语气有2种构成形式： 1：用did 或had done来表示 2：用should+do 表示并且should 可以省略。 虚拟语气的构成形式 Were 型虚拟语气 一、在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以 do 为例)： 虚拟语气在 在条件从句中 表示与事实情况相反 条件从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 表示现在情况 过去式(did) (be常用 were) Would / could / might / should (用于第1人称) +动词原形(do) 表示过去情况 过去完成式(had +done 上面4个情态动词+have done 表示将来情况 ①过去式 (did) ②should + do ③were to do 4个情态动词 + do If you _________a few minutes earlier, you _________met him. 要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。 2. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. (与将来事实可能相反) 3. If I were you, I would go at once. 假如我是你的话，我会马上走。 虚拟语气在 在条件从句中 Were 型虚拟语气 had come would have (与过去事实相反) (与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你) Were 型虚拟语气 二、省略 if 的条件从句 当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可省略if ，而把它们放在句首，形成倒装句型。 If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow,… If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should he fail in the experiment… 虚拟语气在 在条件从句中 Were 型虚拟语气 三、错综时间的条件句 即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如： If they __________hard, they _________it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。 If he ___________my advice, he __________it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。 虚拟语气在复合句中的应用： had studied could do had not taken wouldnt do 四、一些介词短语, 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否则), in that case(如果是那样的话), 表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气 Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress. 虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的应用： Were 型虚拟语气 She wasn’t feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldn’t have left the meeting so early. A gentleman wouldn’t have said so. --Why didn’t Henry come? --He _____except she didn’t have time. A. would have come B. will come C. would come D. be coming A 五、wish接宾语从句： 1) 现在：用过去式 2) 过去：用过去完成式 (had done) 3) 将来：用情态动词(would / could) + do Were 型虚拟语气 1. I wish she __________on my side.  我希望她能站在我一边。 2. I wish I were 3