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Aftertreatment: SCR Modeling using STAR-CCM+ and STAR-CD
Richard Johns
CD-adapco
Contents
• SCR System Operation
• Modeling Considerations
• Validation: Spray and Catalyst Chemistry
• Simple and Detailed Catalyst Chemistry
• Application to off-road SCR system
• Summary
SCR System Operation
Urea HNCO + H2O CO2 + NH3 hydrolysis
(NH2)2CO
+ H2O
Slow Fast
NO
NO NH3
(NH2)2CO HNCO + NH3 thermolysis
NH + NO +1/4O N +3/2H O
3 2 2 2
urea iso-cyanic acid ammonia NO Reduction
MP = 130°C
Modelling Considerations
• Unsteady:
Engine exhaust flow and pulsed (typically 4 Hz) injection
• Multi-component
Urea + H O - H O evaporates and molten urea decomposes
2 2
(thermolysis) to ammonia and isocyanic acid
• Impingement & mixing
Complex process involving impingement dynamics, wall-film and
turbulent mixing
• Chemistry:
Gas-phase and catalyst surface reactions
• Objective:
To provide minimum dosing and achieve total NO reduction without
either NO or NH3 slip
Validation Test Case upstream of SCR Catalyst
• Experimental Set up of Kim et al. (Proc. 2004 Fall Tech Conf ASME ICE Div.) to study the conversion
of Urea-Water Solution (UWS) into Ammonia
• UWS (40% Urea) is injected at the axis
• Inlet gas Temperatures of 573, 623, 673 K were used a
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