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* Key Point Patients who continue to smoke after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery have a greater risk of death than those who stop smoking. van Domburg et al sought to evaluate the influence of smoking cessation on mortality in patients undergoing CABG surgery. The authors identified 1041 patients undergoing their first CABG procedure between February 1971 and June 1980. Baseline smoking history was obtained at the time of surgery. Patients were followed up for a median of 20 years (range: 13-26 years). Postoperative smoking status was obtained in 985 patients. Mortality was divided into perioperative mortality (death occurring within 28 days after surgery) and late mortality. Late mortality was subdivided into death at re-CABG or PTCA, acute cardiac death, death caused by MI, death due to chronic heart failure, death due to noncardiac cause, and unknown causes of death. The study population was divided into smokers and nonsmokers. Nonsmokers included ex- and never smokers. Smokers before surgery were further subdivided as quitters (those who stopped smoking in the first year after their CABG) and persistent smokers (those who had smoked before CABG and continued to smoke for at least one year after CABG). Persistent smokers had a significantly greater risk of death from all causes, (RR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.33-2.13) and of cardiac death, (RR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.30-2.37) compared with patients who abstained from smoking after bypass surgery. The above graph depicts the survival curves for ex-smokers, current smokers, and nonsmokers. Benefits of smoking abstinence were demonstrated as early as 4 years after the initial CABG, at which point the curves diverged. The estimated benefit in survival associated with smoking abstinence increased from 3% at 5 years (98% vs 95%), to 10% at 10 years (88% vs 78%), and 15% at 15 years (70% vs 55%). Reference van Domburg RT, Meeter K, van Berkel DFM, Veldkanys RF, van Herwerden LA, Bogers AJJC. Smoking cessation reduces mort