城市街道内污染物扩散的数值模拟.docVIP

第40卷 第9期 2007年9月 天 津 大 学 学 报 Journal of Tianjin University V ol.40 No.9 Sep. 2007 收稿日期:2006-06-13;修回日期:2007-05-24. 基金项目:教育部留学归国人员科研启动基金资助. 作者简介:尤学一(1964— ,男,教授. 通讯作者:尤学一,xyyou@tju.edu.cn. 城市街道内污染物扩散的数值模拟 尤学一,李 莉,刘 伟 (天津大学环境科学与工程学院,天津 300072 摘 要:随着我国城市汽车保有量的迅速攀升,城市中心区的空气质量与生态环境急剧恶化. 利用CFD 数值模拟研究街道峡谷污染物的扩散问题,对比分析了开放街道峡谷和城市街道峡谷污染物的扩散问题,证明了计算域和入流边界处湍动能k 和湍动能耗散率ε取值的重要性.计算结果与经典风洞实验符合很好,证实了相同条件下城市街道峡谷的背风墙和迎风墙上的污染物浓度均大于开放街道峡谷的相应值. 利用3维建筑群计算实例,指出了寻求建筑群优化布局对减小小区污染的重要性. 关键词:街道峡谷;污染物扩散;数值模拟;计算域 中图分类号:X169 文献标志码:A 文章编号:0493-2137(200709-1077-04 Numerical Simulation of Pollutant Dispersion in Urban Streets YOU Xue -yi,LI Li,LIU Wei (School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China Abstract :With the rapid increase in private cars in cities, the air quality and ecological cycle are deteriorating fast. The pollutant dispersion in street canyons was simulated by CFD in this paper. The importance to choose suitable computation domain and inlet k and ε boundary value was verified by comparing the open country street canyon with the urban roughness street canyon. Numerical results showed good agreement with the benchmark experiment. The results also confirmed the experimental finding that the pollutant concentrations of leeward side and windward side in urban roughness street canyon were higher than those in open country street canyon for the same condition. Taking a group of 3-dimensional buildings as an example, it was pointed out that the optimized position of the group buildings was important to reduce the concentration of pollutant around buildings. Keywords :street canyon ;pollutant dispersion ;numerical simulation ;computation domain 随着我国汽车保有量迅速攀升,城市特别是特大 城市中心区的空气质量与生态环境急剧恶化,如何减 小和控制空气污染物浓度,成为日益紧迫的问题.气 象参数、街道和建筑物布局、污染源强等因素控制着 大气中污染物的浓度水平,对这些影响因素的优化组 合,成为减少城市空气污染的有效手段之一.Tutar 等 人[1]利用CFD 模拟了建筑小区内的风速场,尤学一 等[2]模拟了建筑小区内点源污染扩散. 街道峡谷问题作为城市空气质量模拟的典型结构,得到了广泛重 视.前人对街道峡谷问题进行了大量的现场实验[3—4 ]和风洞模型实验[5—6]研究.Vardoulakis 等人[7]给出了街道峡谷领域的研究综述. Meroney 等人[5]